SynthesisScientific reports2022
A meta-analysis of Th1 and Th2 cytokine profiles differentiating tuberculous from malignant pleural effusion.
Synthesis in Scientific reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pathobiology and clinical significance of malignant pleural effusions.EMBO molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Differential diagnosis model for tuberculous and malignant pleural effusion combining U-Net automatic segmentation and deep learning.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Persistent neurological and behavioral alterations after SARS-CoV-2 infection in an optimized K18-hACE2 mouse model.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Combination Therapy Using Heat-KilledIranian journal of biotechnology · 2025Article
- Effects of Nonablative Er-YAG Laser on Human Endometrial Stromal Cells (hESCs): A Pilot Study.Lasers in surgery and medicine · 2025Article
- Natural and induced immune responses in oral cavity and saliva.BMC immunology · 2025Review
- Interleukin -39 Expression in Pleural Effusion and Its Diagnostic Value for Tuberculous Pleurisy.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Article
- Immunomodulatory Peptides as Vaccine Adjuvants and Antimicrobial Agents.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Immunological characterization of pleural effusions in pediatric patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- A cheminformatics and network pharmacology approach to elucidate the mechanism of action ofFrontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- Immune Portrayal of a New Therapy Targeting Microbiota in an Animal Model of Psoriasis.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Article
- Characterization of CD4Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- C57BL/6J mice exposed to perfluorooctanoic acid demonstrate altered immune responses and increased seizures after Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Malignant pleural effusion diagnosis and therapy.Open life sciences · 2023Review
- Global trends of research on tuberculous pleurisy over the past 15 years: A bibliometric analysis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
To clarify the predominance of Th1 or Th2 immune responses in malignant and tuberculous pleural effusion (MPE and TPE, respectively), we performed a meta-analysis of previously published results of the levels of Th1/Th2 cytokines associated with these two types of pleural effusion to evaluate the use of Th1/Th2 cytokine profiles in distinguishing TPE from MPE. We searched the PubMed and EMBASE databases for studies indexed from 2000 to March 2021. We included studies that (a) diagnosed TPE and MPE based on culture or pleural tissue biopsy and that (b) compared levels of Th1/Th2 cytokines between TPE and MPE. Pooled data based on a random-effects model or fixed-effects model and standardized mean differences (SMDs) across studies were used to compare TPE and MPE. We also performed Egger's test to assess publication bias. Of 917 identified studies, a total of 42 studies were selected for the meta-analysis. Compared with MPE subjects, TPE subjects had a significantly higher level of TNF-α [2.22, (1.60-2.84)], an elevated level of IFN-γ [3.30, (2.57-4.40)] in pleural effusion, a situation where the Th1 immune response dominated. Conversely, the levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-10 (Th2 cytokines) were higher in the MPE subjects than in the TPE subjects, showing statistically nonsignificant tiny effects [-0.15, (-0.94 to 0.63) and -0.04, (-0.21 to 0.12), respectively]. We confirmed that TPE, a situation in which the Th1 cytokines are predominant. The slight preponderance of Th2 cytokines in MPE, which is not convincing enough to prove.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.