Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35177598›Full record

ArticleNature communications2022

In-situ transfer vat photopolymerization for transparent microfluidic device fabrication.

Yang Xu, Fangjie Qi, Huachao Mao, Songwei Li, Yizhen Zhu, Jingwen Gong, Lu Wang, Noah Malmstadt, Yong Chen

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
30citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

30 citing papers in PubMed.

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  11. High-resolution stereolithography: Negative spaces enabled by control of fluid mechanics.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Growing three-dimensional objects with light.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024
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  15. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Yang XuCenter for Advanced Manufacturing, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90007, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7810-6644
Fangjie QiCenter for Advanced Manufacturing, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90007, USA.
Huachao MaoCenter for Advanced Manufacturing, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90007, USA.
Songwei LiCenter for Advanced Manufacturing, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90007, USA.
Yizhen ZhuCenter for Advanced Manufacturing, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90007, USA.
Jingwen GongCenter for Advanced Manufacturing, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90007, USA.
Lu WangMork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4136-8261
Noah MalmstadtMork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
Yong ChenCenter for Advanced Manufacturing, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90007, USA. yongchen@usc.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8377-5914

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

While vat photopolymerization has many advantages over soft lithography in fabricating microfluidic devices, including efficiency and shape complexity, it has difficulty achieving well-controlled micrometer-sized (smaller than 100 μm) channels in the layer building direction. The considerable light penetration depth of transparent resin leads to over-curing that inevitably cures the residual resin inside flow channels, causing clogs. In this paper, a 3D printing process - in-situ transfer vat photopolymerization is reported to solve this critical over-curing issue in fabricating microfluidic devices. We demonstrate microchannels with high Z-resolution (within 10 μm level) and high accuracy (within 2 μm level) using a general method with no requirements on liquid resins such as reduced transparency nor leads to a reduced fabrication speed. Compared with all other vat photopolymerization-based techniques specialized for microfluidic channel fabrication, our universal approach is compatible with commonly used 405 nm light sources and commercial photocurable resins. The process has been verified by multifunctional devices, including 3D serpentine microfluidic channels, microfluidic valves, and particle sorting devices. This work solves a critical barrier in 3D printing microfluidic channels using the high-speed vat photopolymerization process and broadens the material options. It also significantly advances vat photopolymerization's use in applications requiring small gaps with high accuracy in the Z-direction.

Identifiers

PMID35177598
PMCPMC8854570

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.