ArticleDiagnostic pathology2022
Morphologically, immunohistochemically and PCR proven lymphocytic viral peri-, endo-, myocarditis in patients with fatal COVID-19.
Article in Diagnostic pathology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Monkeypox-Induced Myocarditis: A Systematic Review.Current problems in cardiology · 2023Pooled it
- Research progress on the association between viruses and cardiac diseases.Journal of virology · 2026Review
- Incidence, prevalence, and global burden of myocarditis among individuals aged 65 and older from 1990 to 2021 across 204 countries: a critical re-analysis of data from the global burden of disease study.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Toll-like receptors in infectious myocarditis: pathogen-specific recognition, spatiotemporal dynamic regulation and clinical translation.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Sjögren Syndrome can be Complicated by Myelitis and Guillain-Barré Syndrome.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2025Article
- Potential relationships between circulating gene expression ofJournal of Zhejiang University. Science. B · 2025Article
- Risk impact of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus and spike protein on cardiac tissue: a comprehensive review.Physiological research · 2024Review
- An Update on Myocarditis in Forensic Pathology.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Lung Inflammation Signature in Post-COVID-19 TB Patients.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Early Outcomes of Adult Heart Transplantation From COVID-19 Infected Donors.Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2023Article
- From Co-Infections to Autoimmune Disease via Hyperactivated Innate Immunity: COVID-19 Autoimmune Coagulopathies, Autoimmune Myocarditis and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Atherosclerosis, Cardiovascular Disorders and COVID-19: Comorbid Pathogenesis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Acute Lymphocytic Myocarditis in a Young Male Post-COVID-19.Case reports in cardiology · 2023Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Nsp6 damages Drosophila heart and mouse cardiomyocytes through MGA/MAX complex-mediated increased glycolysis.Communications biology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDespite a reported cardiac injury in patients with new coronavirus infection, the possibility and specifics of genuine viral myocarditis in COVID-19 remains not fully clear. PURPOSE: To study the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the myocardium and the morphological properties of myocarditis in patients with severe coronavirus infection (COVID-19).
methodsAutopsy data of eight elderly patients (75.6 ± 7.4 years), four male and four female, with severe new coronavirus infection were studied. The lifetime diagnosis of COVID-19 is based on a positive result of the PCR study. The inclusion criterion was the presence of morphological signs of myocarditis according to the Dallas criteria. A standard histological examination included staining by hematoxylin and eosin, toluidin blue and Van Gieson. An immunohistochemical study was performed using antibodies to CD3, CD 68, CD20, perforin, toll-like receptor (TLR) types 4 and 9. PCR in real-time was performed to determine the viral RNA in the myocardium.
resultsAll patients had severe bilateral viral pneumonia. In all cases, myocarditis was not clinically diagnosed. Morphological examination of the heart found signs of active lymphocytic myocarditis. PCR identified the SARS-Cov2 RNA in all cases. There were also signs of destructive coronaritis in all cases, thrombovasculitis, lymphocytic pericarditis (in 3 cases) and endocarditis (in 2 cases). The absence of neutrophils confirms the aseptic nature of inflammation. An immunohistochemical study showed the CD3-positive T lymphocytes in the infiltrates. Increased expression of TLR type 4 and less 9 was also detected.
conclusionMorphological and immunohistochemical evidence of myocarditis in COVID-19 was presented. Lymphocytic infiltrations and positive PCR confirm the viral nature of inflammation. Myocarditis in COVID-19 is also characterized by coronaritis with microvascular thrombosis and associated with lymphocytic endo- and pericarditis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.