ArticleRespiratory research2022
Restricted spirometry and cardiometabolic comorbidities: results from the international population based BOLD study.
Article in Respiratory research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between hypertension and impaired lung function among adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2026Pooled it
- The association of spirometric small airways obstruction with respiratory symptoms, cardiometabolic diseases, and quality of life: results from the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study.Respiratory research · 2023Pooled it
- Prevalence of abnormal spirometry and correlates of lung function decline among a population in rural Uganda.Journal of global health · 2026Article
- The use of spirometry to define airflow obstruction and diagnose COPD.The European respiratory journal · 2026Article
- Small airways obstruction predicts cardiovascular disease incidence: a longitudinal study of UK Biobank.ERJ open research · 2026Article
- A cohort study of forced vital capacity, airway obstruction, and survival in the multinational Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease study.International journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Quantifying personal exposure to traffic and household air pollution: a pilot study among street traders in Lagos, Nigeria.Journal of global health · 2026Article
- Association between low water intake and lung function impairment in elderly adults: a cross-sectional study.Public health action · 2026Article
- Lung capacity is a determinant of cardiovascular disease and myocardial infarction.Respiratory research · 2026Article
- Article
- Fibular length and vital capacity in the multinational Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease follow-up study.The European respiratory journal · 2025Article
- Asthma and extrapulmonary comorbidities in a middle-aged general population: results from the SCAPIS study.BMJ open respiratory research · 2025Article
- Optimal spirometry thresholds for the prediction of chronic airflow obstruction: a multinational longitudinal study.ERJ open research · 2025Article
- Bronchodilator responsiveness and future chronic airflow obstruction: a multinational longitudinal study.EClinicalMedicine · 2025Article
- Lung function and onset of cardiometabolic diseases in the longitudinal Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease study.BMJ open respiratory research · 2025Article
- Article
- Severity of Airflow Obstruction Based on FEVAmerican journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2024Article
- Pulmonary Function Tests Post-Stroke. Correlation between Lung Function, Severity of Stroke, and Improvement after Respiratory Muscle Training.Neurology international · 2024Review
- Impact of preserved ratio impaired spirometry on coronary artery calcium score progression: a longitudinal cohort study.ERJ open research · 2024Article
- Impaired lung function in multiple sclerosis: a single-center observational study in 371 persons.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2023Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 6 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWhether restricted spirometry, i.e. low Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), predicts chronic cardiometabolic disease is not definitely known. In this international population-based study, we assessed the relationship between restricted spirometry and cardiometabolic comorbidities.
methodsA total of 23,623 subjects (47.5% males, 19.0% current smokers, age: 55.1 ± 10.8 years) from five continents (33 sites in 29 countries) participating in the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study were included. Restricted spirometry was defined as post-bronchodilator FVC < 5th percentile of reference values. Self-reports of physician-diagnosed cardiovascular disease (CVD; heart disease or stroke), hypertension, and diabetes were obtained through questionnaires.
resultsOverall 31.7% of participants had restricted spirometry. However, prevalence of restricted spirometry varied approximately ten-fold, and was lowest (8.5%) in Vancouver (Canada) and highest in Sri Lanka (81.3%). Crude odds ratios for the association with restricted spirometry were 1.60 (95% CI 1.37-1.86) for CVD, 1.53 (95% CI 1.40-1.66) for hypertension, and 1.98 (95% CI 1.71-2.29) for diabetes. After adjustment for age, sex, education, Body Mass Index (BMI) and smoking, the odds ratios were 1.54 (95% CI 1.33-1.79) for CVD, 1.50 (95% CI 1.39-1.63) for hypertension, and 1.86 (95% CI 1.59-2.17) for diabetes.
conclusionIn this population-based, international, multi-site study, restricted spirometry associates with cardiometabolic diseases. The magnitude of these associations appears unattenuated when cardiometabolic risk factors are taken into account.
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