ReviewPLoS pathogens2022
Structural and antigenic variations in the spike protein of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Review in PLoS pathogens, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 75 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
75 citing papers in PubMed, 133 citations in OpenAlex.
- Targeting SARS-CoV-2 Structural and Accessory Proteins: Emerging Opportunities for Small-Molecule Coronavirus Antivirals.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Determinants of success and failure of antibody-based strategies against respiratory viruses: insights from RSV and SARS-CoV-2.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Article
- Indium Tin Oxide-Based Voltammetric Biosensor for the Detection of Antibodies Against the SARS-CoV-2 Virus Spike Protein.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Genomic Surveillance and Molecular Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 Variants During the Peak of the Pandemic in Türkiye.Biochemical genetics · 2025Article
- Identification of potential antigenic proteins and epitopes for the development of a monkeypox virus vaccine: an in silico approach.Molecular diversity · 2025Article
- Domain-Specific Impacts of Spike Protein Mutations on Infectivity and Antibody Escape in SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1.Journal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2025Article
- In silico genomic surveillance by CoVerage predicts and characterizes SARS-CoV-2 variants of interest.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Dual-Locking the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Trimer: An Amphipathic Molecular "Bolt" Stabilizes Conserved Druggable Interfaces for Coronavirus Inhibition.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- A type-specific B-cell epitope at the apex of outer surface protein C (OspC) of the Lyme disease spirochete,Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Structural insights into hybridoma-derived neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against Omicron BA.5 and XBB.1.16 variants of SARS-CoV-2.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Mutational Scanning and Binding Free Energy Computations of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Complexes with Distinct Groups of Neutralizing Antibodies: Energetic Drivers of Convergent Evolution of Binding Affinity and Immune Escape Hotspots.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Article
- Forecasting framework for dominant SARS-CoV-2 strains before clade replacement using phylogeny-informed genetic distances.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- A highly divergent sample from a nearly extinct SARS-CoV-2 lineage in a patient with long-term COVID-19.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 subgenomic RNAs that enhance viral fitness and immune evasion.PLoS biology · 2025Article
- Virological Aspects of COVID-19 in Patients with Hematological Malignancies: Duration of Viral Shedding and Genetic Analysis.Viruses · 2024Article
- Broad Neutralization Capacity of an Engineered Thermostable Three-Helix Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Polypeptide Targeting the Receptor-Binding Domain of SARS-CoV-2.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Comparison of the Neutralization Power of Sotrovimab Against SARS-CoV-2 Variants: Development of a Rapid Computational Method.JMIR bioinformatics and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Preclinical assessment of a recombinant RBD-Fc fusion protein as SARS-CoV-2 candidate vaccine.European journal of microbiology & immunology · 2024Article
15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus is continuously evolving, and this poses a major threat to antibody therapies and currently authorized Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines. It is therefore of utmost importance to investigate and predict the putative mutations on the spike protein that confer immune evasion. Antibodies are key components of the human immune system's response to SARS-CoV-2, and the spike protein is a prime target of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) as it plays critical roles in host cell recognition, fusion, and virus entry. The potency of therapeutic antibodies and vaccines partly depends on how readily the virus can escape neutralization. Recent structural and functional studies have mapped the epitope landscape of nAbs on the spike protein, which illustrates the footprints of several nAbs and the site of escape mutations. In this review, we discuss (1) the emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants; (2) the structural basis for antibody-mediated neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 and nAb classification; and (3) identification of the RBD escape mutations for several antibodies that resist antibody binding and neutralization. These escape maps are a valuable tool to predict SARS-CoV-2 fitness, and in conjunction with the structures of the spike-nAb complex, they can be utilized to facilitate the rational design of escape-resistant antibody therapeutics and vaccines.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.