ArticleEuropean child & adolescent psychiatry2023
Cognitive reserve and its correlates in child and adolescent offspring of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.
Article in European child & adolescent psychiatry, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Brain correlates of cognitive reserve in offspring of patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Article
- Cognitive reserve in seven-year-old children at familial high risk of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Article
- Abnormal serum IL-10 and IL-19 levels in childhood- and adolescent-onset schizophrenia: associations with negative symptoms and language function.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- From Genetics to Psychosocial Functioning: Unraveling the Mediating Roles of Cognitive Reserve, Cognition, and Negative Symptoms in First-Episode Psychosis.Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica · 2025Article
- Cognitive reserve modulates mental health in adulthood.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2024Article
- Epigenetic age deacceleration in youth at familial risk for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.Translational psychiatry · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
Abstract
aimTo analyze cognitive reserve (CR) in child and adolescent offspring of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia (SZ-off) or bipolar disorder (BD-off) and compare them with a group of community controls (CC-off). We also aimed to investigate whether there was an association between CR and clinical and neuropsychological variables according to group.
methodsThe study included 46 SZ-off, 105 BD-off and 102 CC-off. All participants completed assessments regarding CR and clinical, neuropsychological and psychosocial functioning. CR was measured with a proxy based on premorbid intelligence, parental occupational level, educational attainment, developmental milestones and sociability. The clinical assessment included the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia, Present and Lifetime, the Semi-structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes, and the Global Assessment Functioning scale. The neuropsychological assessment included measures of executive functioning, attention, verbal memory, working memory and processing speed.
resultsSZ-off showed a lower level of CR compared to BD-off and CC-off, while BD-off showed an intermediate level of CR between SZ-off and CC-off. Moreover, an association between higher CR and less lifetime psychopathology, fewer prodromal psychotic symptoms, higher psychosocial functioning, and a higher working memory score was observed in all groups, but it was stronger in SZ-off.
conclusionsCR seemed to be associated with psychopathology, clinical symptoms, psychosocial functioning, and some cognitive functions. SZ-off appeared to benefit more from a higher CR, therefore it could be considered a protective factor against the development of clinical symptomatology and cognitive impairment.
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Registered trials
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