Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35173892›Full record

ArticleACS medicinal chemistry letters2022

Pilot Study to Quantify Palladium Impurities in Lead-like Compounds Following Commonly Used Purification Techniques.

Maria Chatzopoulou, Katrina S Madden, Liam J Bromhead, Christopher Greaves, Thomas J Cogswell, Solange Da Silva Pinto, Sébastien R G Galan, Irene Georgiou, Matthew S Kennedy, Alice Kennett and 3 more

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in ACS medicinal chemistry letters, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
18citing papers in PubMed
4.2field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

18 citing papers in PubMed, 51 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. High-Sensitivity Sensor for Palladium Detection in Organic Solvent.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Switching Residues: A Platform for the Synthesis of Fidaxomicin Antibiotics.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2025
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Room-Temperature Copper-Catalyzed Etherification of Aryl Bromides.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2024
    Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Maria ChatzopoulouDepartment of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1886-7705
Katrina S MaddenDepartment of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom.
Liam J BromheadDepartment of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom.
Christopher GreavesDepartment of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3PQ, United Kingdom.
Thomas J CogswellDepartment of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3PQ, United Kingdom.
Solange Da Silva PintoDepartment of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3PQ, United Kingdom.
Sébastien R G GalanDepartment of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6241-0238
Irene GeorgiouDepartment of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3PQ, United Kingdom.
Matthew S KennedyDepartment of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3PQ, United Kingdom.
Alice KennettDepartment of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom.
Geraint AppsCEMAS, Imperial House, Oaklands Business Centre, Oaklands Park, Wokingham, Berkshire RG41 2FD, United Kingdom.
Angela J RussellDepartment of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3610-9369
Graham M WynneDepartment of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2562-0364
University of Oxford · GBOxfam · GB

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Palladium-catalyzed reactions are among the most commonly used procedures in organic synthesis. The products have a range of uses, including as intermediates in total synthesis and as screening compounds for drug discovery or agrochemical projects. Despite the known and potentially deleterious effects of low-level metal impurities in biological assays, the quantification of metal remaining in reaction products to verify the effective removal of the transition element is rarely reported. Using palladium as an exemplar, we describe a pilot study that for the first time quantifies residual metal levels in reaction products following increasingly rigorous purification protocols. Our results demonstrate that significant levels of residual palladium can remain in isolated reaction products following chromatographic purification, and only by using a subsequent metal scavenging step are they reliably reduced to a low level. Finally, we provide a set of simple guidelines that should minimize the potential for issues associated with residual palladium in reaction products.

Identifiers

PMID35173892
PMCPMC8842129
OpenAlexW4206108231

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.