ArticleFrontiers in neurology2021
The Multiple Sclerosis Prodrome: Evidence to Action.
Article in Frontiers in neurology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk of Multiple Sclerosis Among Users of Antitumor Necrosis Factor α in 4 Canadian Provinces: A Population-Based Study.Neurology · 2023Pooled it
- Occupational risk factors for multiple sclerosis: a systematic review with meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- Differences in Income Growth Between People With Multiple Sclerosis and Controls: A Norwegian Cohort Study.European journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Anticipating Clinical Onset in Multiple Sclerosis: Challenges and Opportunities.Journal of personalized medicine · 2025Review
- Timing and Predictive Value of Clinical Conditions Preceding Multiple Sclerosis in the UK Biobank.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2025Article
- Pediatric-Onset Multiple Sclerosis and Primary Headache: Is There a Link?Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Multiple Sclerosis-Specific Reference Curves for Brain Volumes to Explain Disease Severity.Neurology · 2025Observational
- Healthcare use before paediatric multiple sclerosis onset differs by age and sex: a nationwide cohort study.BMJ neurology open · 2025Article
- Higher healthcare use before paediatric multiple sclerosis onset: a nationwide cohort study.Brain communications · 2025Article
- Is there a prodrome to NMOSD? An investigation of neurologic symptoms preceding the first NMOSD attack.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2024Article
- Picturing the Multiple Sclerosis Patient Journey: A Symptomatic Overview.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- [XVI Post-ECTRIMS Meeting: review of the new developments presented at the 2023 ECTRIMS Congress (I)].Revista de neurologia · 2024Review
- VISIBL-MS: A bilingual educational framework to increase awareness of early multiple sclerosis.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2024Review
- Headache in Multiple Sclerosis: A Narrative Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Review
- Human herpesvirus 6A and axonal injury before the clinical onset of multiple sclerosis.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2024Article
- Prophylactic administration of PEPITEM in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis delays disease onset, inhibits leukocyte infiltration, and alleviates severity.International journal of clinical and experimental pathology · 2024Article
- Association Between Diseases and Symptoms Diagnosed in Primary Care and the Subsequent Specific Risk of Multiple Sclerosis.Neurology · 2023Article
- Psychiatric Comorbidity During the Prodromal Period in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis.Neurology · 2023Article
- Measuring disability in multiple sclerosis: the WHODAS 2.0.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2023Article
- Exposure to systemic antibiotics in outpatient care and the risk of multiple sclerosis.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
A growing body of work points toward the existence of a clinically symptomatic prodromal phase in multiple sclerosis (MS) that might span 5-10 years or more. A prodrome is an early set of signs or symptoms predating the onset of classical disease, which in turn predates a definitive diagnosis. Evidence for a prodromal phase in MS could have major implications for prevention, earlier recognition and treatment, as well as an improved disease course or prognosis. This Perspective provides a succinct overview of the recent advances in our understanding of the MS prodrome and current key challenges. Many of the MS prodromal features characterized thus far are non-specific and are common in the general population; no single feature alone is sufficient to identify an individual with prodromal MS. Biomarkers may increase specificity and accuracy for detecting individuals in the MS prodromal phase, but are yet to be discovered or formally validated. Progress made in the elucidation of prodromal phases in other neurological and immune-mediated diseases suggests that these barriers can be overcome. Therefore, while knowledge of a prodromal phase in MS remains nascent, how best to move from the rapidly growing evidence to research-related action is critical. Immediate implications include refining the concept of the MS continuum to include a prodromal phase. This will help inform the true "at risk" period when considering exposures that might cause MS. Major long-term implications include the earlier recognition of MS, improved prognosis, through earlier disease management, and the future possibility of MS disease prevention.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.