ArticlePediatric research2022
NICU-based stress response and preterm infant neurobehavior: exploring the critical windows for exposure.
Article in Pediatric research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05711927 (The Effect of Sleeping Environment on Sleep-Wake Organization in Preterm Infants), which is not on this map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Effect of Sleeping Environment on Sleep-Wake Organization in Preterm Infants
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of mechanical ventilation on neurodevelopment at 12 months in preterm low birth weight pediatric patients: a systematic review.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2024Pooled it
- Surveillance for neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) in high-risk neonates: a cohort study at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan.BMJ open · 2026Article
- Postnatal Steroids in Preterm Infants: A Narrative Review Series-Part 2: Cardiovascular Impacts.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Stress exposure, stress responses, and short-term outcomes in very preterm neonates: a national cohort study.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Observational
- Early-life painful and stressful exposures and neurodevelopment in preterm infants.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Greater Increase in Hippocampal Activity During the Early Postnatal Period After Preterm Birth Is Associated With Better Cognitive and Motor Outcomes at 18 Months.Developmental neurobiology · 2026Article
- Heart rate variability is associated with self-regulation and stress neurobehavior in preterm infants.Early human development · 2025Article
- Person- and family-centred care in neonatology: a scoping review to identify existing definitions, models of care, and related categories of interventions.Journal of global health · 2025Article
- Article
- Neurobehavioral outcomes of preterm infants: toward a holistic approach.Pediatric research · 2025Review
- Early Life Stress, DNA Methylation of NR3C1 and HSD11B2 , and Oral Feeding Skill Development in Preterm Infants : A Pilot Study.Advances in neonatal care : official journal of the National Association of Neonatal Nurses · 2025Article
- Influence of Functional Variations in Genes of Neurotrophins and Neurotransmitter Systems on the Development of Retinopathy of Prematurity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Article
- Predictors influencing neurodevelopment during the infancy of term infants.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- The effect of live-performed music therapy with physical contact in preterm infants on parental perceived stress and salivary cortisol levels.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- Association of maternal postpartum depression symptoms with infant neurodevelopment and gut microbiota.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Prenatal and perinatal factors associated with neonatal neurobehavioral profiles in the ECHO Program.Pediatric research · 2023Article
- Neurodevelopmental outcome of low-risk moderate to late preterm infants at 18 months.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2023Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundExposure to maternal stress in utero negatively impacts cognitive and behavioral outcomes of children born at term. The neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) can be stressful for preterm infants during a developmental period corresponding to the third trimester of gestation. It is unknown whether stress in the NICU contributes to adverse neurodevelopment among NICU graduates. The aim was to examine the association between salivary cortisol and early neurodevelopment in preterm infants.
methodsWe examined the association between cortisol levels during the NICU hospitalization and subsequent performance on the NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scales (NNNS), estimating time-specific associations and considering sex differences.
resultsEight hundred and forty salivary cortisol levels were measured from 139 infants. Average cortisol levels were inversely associated with NNNS Regulation scores for both male and female infants (β = -0.19; 95% CI: -0.44, -0.02). Critical developmental windows based on postmenstrual age were identified, with cortisol measured <30 weeks PMA positively associated with Habituation and Lethargy scores (β = 0.63-1.04). Critical developmental windows based on chronological age were identified, with cortisol measured in the first week of life inversely associated with Attention score (β = -1.01 for females; -0.93 for males).
conclusionsStress in the NICU at specific developmental time points may impact early preterm infant neurodevelopment. IMPACT: Stress in the neonatal intensive care unit can impact the neurodevelopmental trajectory of premature infants. The impact of stress is different at different points in development. The impact of stress is sexually dimorphic.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.