Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35173204›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2022

The influence of the respiratory cycle on reaction times in sensory-cognitive paradigms.

Michelle Johannknecht, Christoph Kayser

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07505914 (Comparing Different Breathing Exercises Added to Balance Training on Cognitive and Functional Outcomes in Elderly Population), which is not on this map. Cited by 49 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
49citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07505914 narecruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

Comparing Different Breathing Exercises Added to Balance Training on Cognitive and Functional Outcomes in Elderly Population

TypeinterventionalSponsorIstanbul University - CerrahpasaRan2026 to 2026Enrolled40ConditionsOlder Adults (65 Years and Older), Cognition, Balance Control in Elderly, Fall Prevention in Healthy AgingArmsBalance Training Program, Inspiratory Muscle Training, Breathing Exercise Program
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

49 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
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  3. The Mind From Within: Visceral Roots of Human Cognition.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Michelle JohannknechtInstitute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Christoph KayserDepartment for Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany. Christoph.kayser@uni-bielefeld.de.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Behavioural and electrophysiological studies point to an apparent influence of the state of respiration, i.e., whether we inhale or exhale, on brain activity and cognitive performance. Still, the prevalence and relevance of such respiratory-behavioural relations in typical sensory-cognitive tasks remain unclear. We here used a battery of six tasks probing sensory detection, discrimination and short-term memory to address the questions of whether and by how much behaviour covaries with the respiratory cycle. Our results show that participants tend to align their respiratory cycle to the experimental paradigm, in that they tend to inhale around stimulus presentation and exhale when submitting their responses. Furthermore, their reaction times, but not so much their response accuracy, consistently and significantly covary with the respiratory cycle, differing between inhalation and exhalation. This effect is strongest when analysed contingent on the respiratory state around participants' responses. The respective effect sizes of these respiration-behaviour relations are comparable to those seen in other typical experimental manipulations in sensory-cognitive tasks, highlighting the relevance of these effects. Overall, our results support a prominent relation between respiration and sensory-cognitive function and show that sensation is intricately linked to rhythmic bodily or interoceptive functions.

Indexed as

Respiratory Physiological PhenomenaAdultBrainCognitionExhalationFemaleHumansInhalationMaleMemory, Short-TermReaction TimeRespiratory RateSensationYoung Adult

Identifiers

PMID35173204
PMCPMC8850565

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.