Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35173189›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2022

Driver drowsiness estimation using EEG signals with a dynamical encoder-decoder modeling framework.

Sadegh Arefnezhad, James Hamet, Arno Eichberger, Matthias Frühwirth, Anja Ischebeck, Ioana Victoria Koglbauer, Maximilian Moser, Ali Yousefi

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed
7.0field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed, 64 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Sadegh ArefnezhadInstitute of Automotive Engineering, Graz University of Technology, 8010, Graz, Austria. s.arefnezhad@tugraz.at.
James HametNeurable Company, Boston, MA, 02108, USA.
Arno EichbergerInstitute of Automotive Engineering, Graz University of Technology, 8010, Graz, Austria.
Matthias FrühwirthHuman Research Institute, Weiz, 8160, Austria.
Anja IschebeckInstitute of Psychology, University of Graz, 8010, Graz, Austria.
Ioana Victoria KoglbauerInstitute of Engineering and Business Informatics, Graz University of Technology, Graz, 8010, Austria.
Maximilian MoserHuman Research Institute, Weiz, 8160, Austria.
Ali YousefiNeurable Company, Boston, MA, 02108, USA.
Graz University of Technology · ATMedical University of Graz · ATUniversity of Graz · ATWorcester Polytechnic Institute · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Drowsiness is a leading cause of accidents on the road as it negatively affects the driver's ability to safely operate a vehicle. Neural activity recorded by EEG electrodes is a widely used physiological correlate of driver drowsiness. This paper presents a novel dynamical modeling solution to estimate the instantaneous level of the driver drowsiness using EEG signals, where the PERcentage of eyelid CLOSure (PERCLOS) is employed as the ground truth of driver drowsiness. Applying our proposed modeling framework, we find neural features present in EEG data that encode PERCLOS. In the decoding phase, we use a Bayesian filtering solution to estimate the PERCLOS level over time. A data set that comprises 18 driving tests, conducted by 13 drivers, has been used to investigate the performance of the proposed framework. The modeling performance in estimation of PERCLOS provides robust and repeatable results in tests with manual and automated driving modes by an average RMSE of 0.117 (at a PERCLOS range of 0 to 1) and average High Probability Density percentage of 62.5%. We further hypothesized that there are biomarkers that encode the PERCLOS across different driving tests and participants. Using this solution, we identified possible biomarkers such as Theta and Delta powers. Results show that about 73% and 66% of the Theta and Delta powers which are selected as biomarkers are increasing as PERCLOS grows during the driving test. We argue that the proposed method is a robust and reliable solution to estimate drowsiness in real-time which opens the door in utilizing EEG-based measures in driver drowsiness detection systems.

Indexed as

Automobile DrivingBayes TheoremBiomarkersDelta RhythmElectroencephalographyEyelidsFemaleHumansMaleMonitoring, PhysiologicSleepinessTheta RhythmBiomarkers

Identifiers

PMID35173189
PMCPMC8850607
OpenAlexW3179031620

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.