Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35172527›Full record

ArticleAcute and critical care2022

Cinematic virtual reality for anxiety management in mechanically ventilated patients: a feasibility and pilot study.

Alexander C Haley, David A Wacker

Registry-linked trialOpen access · diamondAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Acute and critical care, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07649876 (Virtual Reality to Reduce Anxiety, Agitation and Delirium in Critically Ill Patients), which is not on this map. Cited by 10 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed
2.3field-weighted citation impact, top 12% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07649876 narecruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

Virtual Reality to Reduce Anxiety, Agitation and Delirium in Critically Ill Patients

TypeinterventionalSponsorMilton S. Hershey Medical CenterRan2026 to 2026Enrolled30ConditionsDelirium in the Intensive Care Unit, Sleep Quality in Adult ICU Patients, Agitation Associated With Critical Illness, Anxiety AcuteArmsVirtual reality (VR) therapy
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Extended reality in anesthesia: a narrative review.Korean journal of anesthesiology · 2025
    Review
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Alexander C HaleyIntegrative Health and Wellbeing Research Program at the Earl E. Bakken Center for Spirituality and Healing, University of Minnesota School of Nursing, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
David A WackerDivision of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
University of Minnesota · USUniversity of Minnesota Medical Center · US

Funding

University of Minnesota Clinical and Translational Science Institute (UMN CTSI)UL1TR002494 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI BLAZAR, BRUCE R, WEISDORF, DANIEL J · 2018 to 2022
$34.9M
NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002494University of Minnesota Clinical and Translational Science Institute UL1-TR002494
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMechanically ventilated patients experience anxiety for many reasons. Pharmacological treatments such as benzodiazepines are commonly employed to manage anxiety; however, these therapies often cause undesired side effects. Additional therapies for anxiety management are needed. We sought to determine whether cell phone-based virtual reality therapy could feasibly be used for anxiety management in mechanically ventilated patients.

methodsMechanically ventilated subjects underwent at least one session of virtual reality therapy in which they were shown a cinematic video of an outdoor green space or blue space with 360° visual range of motion. Goal session duration was 5 minutes. The primary outcome was incidence of predefined patient safety events, including self-extubation and accidental removal of tubes or lines.

resultsTen subjects underwent a total of 18 virtual reality sessions. Fifteen sessions lasted the planned 5 minutes, one session was extended at participant request, and two sessions were terminated early at participant request. There were no occurrences of the predefined safety events, and no occurrences of cybersickness. Use of a visual analog scale to measure anxiety level was feasible for this pilot study, demonstrating feasibility of this scale for future, larger scale studies.

conclusionsVirtual reality therapy shows potential as a means of managing anxiety in patients undergoing mechanical ventilation, and further rigorous exploration with this protocol is feasible.

Indexed as

anti-anxiety agentsanxietyartificial respirationrespiratory insufficiencyvirtual reality

Identifiers

PMID35172527
PMCPMC9184980
OpenAlexW4210719935

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.