ArticleThe New England journal of medicine2022
Effectiveness of the BNT162b2 Vaccine after Recovery from Covid-19.
Article in The New England journal of medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 84 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
84 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 121 citations in OpenAlex.
- Incidence and outcome of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection in the pre-Omicron era: A global systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of global health · 2023Pooled it
- Severity and Outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection Compared with Primary Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Pooled it
- COVID-19 vaccines reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection and hospitalization: Meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Use and overuse of positron emission tomography for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.The oncologist · 2026Article
- Hybrid immunity following SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination is associated with more sustained antibody levels, and lower reinfection risk.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Differential functional immune recall across homologous and heterologous COVID-19 vaccination regimens.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Multi-dimensional factors of behavioral intention of COVID-19 booster vaccination among people having contracted COVID-19-a 7-city study conducted during the last national major outbreak in China.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Quantification of the IgG antibody response half-life for hybrid immunity to SARS-CoV-2.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Evaluating COVID-19 vaccination policy in Québec (Canada) using a data-driven dynamic transmission model.PLoS computational biology · 2025Article
- Effectiveness of a single COVID-19 mRNA vaccine dose in individuals with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection: a systematic review.Communications medicine · 2025Article
- Studying Disease Reinfection Rates, Vaccine Efficacy, and the Timing of Vaccine Rollout in the Context of Infectious Diseases: A COVID-19 Case Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Perceived social support and self-stigma as factors of COVID-19 booster vaccination behavior and intention via cognitive coping and emotion regulation among people infected with COVID-19 in Hong Kong.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Protection afforded by post-infection SARS-CoV-2 vaccine doses: A cohort study in Shanghai.eLife · 2025Article
- Characteristics and risk factors associated with COVID-19 reinfection in Hong Kong: a retrospective cohort study.Epidemiology and infection · 2025Article
- Current Status and Future Trends in Myocarditis Related to the COVID-19 Vaccines: A Visual and Bibliometric Analysis.Current vascular pharmacology · 2025Article
- Review
- COVID-19 vaccine uptake in a predominantly minoritized cohort hospitalized during the early pandemic in New York City.Vaccine · 2024Article
- Sequence Matters: Primary COVID-19 Vaccination after Infection Elicits Similar Anti-spike Antibody Levels, but Stronger Antibody Dependent Cell-mediated Cytotoxicity than Breakthrough Infection.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2024Article
- Effectiveness of the First and Second Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Vaccine Dose: A Nationwide Cohort Study From Austria on Hybrid Versus Natural Immunity.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
24 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe risk of infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) decreases substantially among patients who have recovered from coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19). However, it is unknown how long protective immunity lasts. Current guidelines recommend vaccination of recovered patients even though data regarding vaccine effectiveness in such cases are still limited.
methodsIn this retrospective cohort study, we reviewed electronic medical records from a large health care organization in Israel to assess reinfection rates in patients who had recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection before any vaccination against Covid-19. We compared reinfection rates among patients who had subsequently received the BNT162b2 vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech) and those who had not been vaccinated between March 1 and November 26, 2021. We used a Cox proportional-hazards regression model with time-dependent covariates to estimate the association between vaccination and reinfection after adjustment for demographic factors and coexisting illnesses. Vaccine effectiveness was estimated as 1 minus the hazard ratio. In a secondary analysis, we evaluated the vaccine effectiveness of one dose as compared with two doses.
resultsA total of 149,032 patients who had recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection met the eligibility criteria. Of these patients, 83,356 (56%) received subsequent vaccination during the 270-day study period. Reinfection occurred in 354 of the vaccinated patients (2.46 cases per 100,000 persons per day) and in 2168 of 65,676 unvaccinated patients (10.21 cases per 100,000 persons per day). Vaccine effectiveness was estimated at 82% (95% confidence interval [CI], 80 to 84) among patients who were 16 to 64 years of age and 60% (95% CI, 36 to 76) among those 65 years of age or older. No significant difference in vaccine effectiveness was found for one dose as compared with two doses.
conclusionsAmong patients who had recovered from Covid-19, the receipt of at least one dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine was associated with a significantly lower risk of recurrent infection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.