ArticlePaediatric and perinatal epidemiology2022
Menstrual cycle length and adverse pregnancy outcomes among women in Project Viva.
Article in Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Associations between self-reported personal care products use and menstrual cycle length and regularity in a US digital cohort.Environment international · 2026Article
- Leveraging health records to identify diagnoses associated with recurrent pregnancy loss across two medical centers.iScience · 2026Article
- Associations Between Prepregnancy Menstrual Characteristics, Age at Menarche, and the Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Matched Case-Control Study.Journal of diabetes research · 2026Observational
- Menstrual cycle length identifies perinatal risk information beyond routine metabolic antenatal screening: a retrospective cohort study of 17,792 deliveries.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Early-life menstrual characteristics and gestational diabetes in a large US cohort.Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology · 2024Article
- Menstrual abnormalities effects on clinical features and in vitro fertilization pregnancy outcomes in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome.AJOG global reports · 2024Article
- Musculoskeletal Morphology and Joint Flexibility-Associated Functional Characteristics across Three Time Points during the Menstrual Cycle in Female Contemporary Dancers.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2024Article
- Reproductive risk factors across the female lifecourse and later metabolic health.Cell metabolism · 2024Review
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6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
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Abstract
backgroundRetrospective studies suggest that menstrual cycle length may be a risk marker of adverse pregnancy outcomes, but this evidence is susceptible to recall bias.
objectiveTo evaluate the prospective association between menstrual cycle length and the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.
methodsSecondary analysis of 2046 women enrolled in Project Viva at ~10 weeks of gestation and followed through delivery. The exposure was menstrual cycle length. The outcomes included gestational glucose tolerance (gestational diabetes/impaired glucose tolerance [GDM/IGT] and isolated hyperglycaemia), hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (gestational hypertension/preeclampsia), gestational weight gain, birthweight-for-gestational age z-scores (BWZ) categorised in tertiles, preterm birth and birth outcome (live birth and pregnancy loss). We used modified Poisson and multinomial logistic regression adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, parity, age at menarche and pre-pregnancy body mass index.
resultsMean (SD) age at enrolment was 32.1 (4.9) years. Most women (74.3%) had a cycle length of 26-34 days (reference group), 16.2% reported short cycles (≤25 days), and 9.5% reported long/irregular cycles (≥35 days/too irregular to estimate). Compared with the reference group, women with short cycles had lower odds of GDM/IGT (odds ratio [OR] 0.50, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.28, 0.89), whereas women with long/irregular cycles had higher odds (OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.04, 2.83). Additionally, women with short cycles had higher odds of having a newborn in the lowest tertile of BWZ (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.06, 1.98). There was a U-shaped relation between cycle length and preterm birth with both short (relative risk [RR] 1.49, 95% CI 0.98, 2.27) and long/irregular (RR 2.04, 95% CI 1.30, 3.20) cycles, associated with a higher risk.
conclusionsVariation in menstrual cycle length may be a risk marker of GDM/IGT, lower birth size and preterm birth and flag women who may benefit from targeted monitoring and care before and during pregnancy.
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