ArticleScience advances2022
Efficient healing of large osseous segmental defects using optimized chemically modified messenger RNA encoding BMP-2.
Article in Science advances, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 87 citations in OpenAlex.
- BMP-7 mRNA delivered by Fibrin-CaP scaffolds activates osteogenic programs in vivo as evidenced by transcriptomic and proteomic analyses.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- Human BMP4 mRNA Encapsulated in Lipid Nanoparticle for Bone and Articular Cartilage Repair in Aged Mice.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2026Article
- Recapitulating Endochondral Ossification for Bone Repair: From Development to Engineering Strategy.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Review
- Clinical translational research on stem cell products: prospects and challenges.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Development-based In Vivo Bioreactor Strategy for Challenging Senescent Bone Reconstruction.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Bone adhesive with temporally-synchronized degradation for enhanced osteointegration.Bone research · 2026Article
- Protein-Encoding Chemically Modified mRNAs for Musculoskeletal Tissue Regeneration and Repair.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2026Review
- Hydrogels for Bone Repair: Construction Strategies and Applications.Smart medicine · 2026Review
- The use of molecular cues to regenerate musculoskeletal tissues.Innovative surgical sciences · 2026Review
- Effects of Periodontal-Specific Exosomes and rhBMP2 on Osteogenic Behaviour and Differentiation of BMSCs.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2026Article
- The mRNA-Based Innovative Strategy: Progress and Challenges.Nano-micro letters · 2026Review
- Biologics for bone regeneration: advances in cell, protein, gene, and mRNA therapies.Bone research · 2026Review
- Physicochemical Characterization, Cytotoxicity, and In Vivo Evaluation of a Hydroxyapatite-Silver Composite for Bone Regeneration.BioMed research international · 2026Article
- Messenger RNA therapy in bone and joint diseases: Rationale, delivery systems, and applications.Biomaterials translational · 2026Article
- What's New in Musculoskeletal Basic Science.The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume · 2025Article
- Engineering bone tissue with mRNA: from molecular design and delivery to clinical applications.Materials today (Kidlington, England) · 2025Article
- Position-specific ORF nucleoside-ribose modifications enabled by complete chemical synthesis enhance mRNA stability and translation.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Modern Approaches and Emerging Biological Therapies to Treat Fracture Nonunion.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Optimizing rhBMP-2 Therapy for Bone Regeneration: From Safety Concerns to Biomaterial-Guided Delivery Systems.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- 3D-Printed Multidimensional Bionic Mg-MC/PLGA Composite for Tailored Repair of Segmental Long Bone Defects.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Large segmental osseous defects heal poorly. Recombinant, human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) is used clinically to promote bone healing, but it is applied at very high doses that cause adverse side effects and raise costs while providing only incremental benefit. We describe a previously unexplored, alternative approach to bone regeneration using chemically modified messenger RNA (cmRNA). An optimized cmRNA encoding BMP-2 was delivered to critical-sized femoral osteotomies in rats. The cmRNA remained orthotopically localized and generated BMP locally for several days. Defects healed at doses ≥25 μg of BMP-2 cmRNA. By 4 weeks, all animals treated with 50 μg of BMP-2 cmRNA had bridged bone defects without forming the massive callus seen with rhBMP-2. Moreover, such defects recovered normal mechanical strength quicker and initiated bone remodeling faster. cmRNA regenerated bone via endochondral ossification, whereas rhBMP-2 drove intramembranous osteogenesis; cmRNA provides an innovative, safe, and highly translatable technology for bone healing.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.