ArticleThe Plant cell2022
Arabidopsis apoplastic fluid contains sRNA- and circular RNA-protein complexes that are located outside extracellular vesicles.
Article in The Plant cell, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 92 papers.
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Who cites it
92 citing papers in PubMed, 147 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Defective cuticle-derived signals enhance extracellular ATP response and plant immunity.The New phytologist · 2026Article
- Cross-stress memory in plants: mobile RNAs, extracellular vesicles, and local-to-systemic signal integration.Plant molecular biology · 2026Review
- Past, Present, and Future of Plant-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Biomedical Applications.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- HASTY-dependent miRNA cell-to-cell movement is required for systemic pathogen resistance in Arabidopsis.Plant communications · 2026Article
- Extracellular Vesicles: Key Mediators of Bioactive Molecule Transport in Plant-Microbe Interactions.Molecular plant pathology · 2026Review
- Beyond Extracellular Vesicle (EV) Hype: Practical Solutions and Remaining Hurdles in EV Research, Manufacturing, and Clinical Translation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Artificial MicroRNA delivery and gene silencing via extracellular vesicles derived from molecularly modified tobacco.Protoplasma · 2026Article
- Circular RNA Vv-circCOR27 modulates thermotolerance through attenuating VvHSP90.2b-VvHsfA7a interaction in grapevine.The New phytologist · 2026Article
- Plant-derived extracellular vesicles as tools and targets for inflammatory diseases.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Cross-kingdom RNAi: a universal mechanism of inter-organismal communication with many unknowns.Journal of experimental botany · 2026Review
- Structural and Functional Characterization of EXPO-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Plants.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- OsRNS4-mediated cross-kingdom RNA interference is inhibited byScience advances · 2026Article
- RNA-Binding Protein OsGRP3 Positively Regulates Rice Storability.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Molecular Identification and RNA-Based Management of Fungal Plant Pathogens: From PCR to CRISPR/Cas9.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Foliar-applied double-stranded RNA is mobile, transfers to plant pathogens, and triggers RNAi.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- An Argonaute protein traffics from nematode to mouse and is a vaccine against parasitic nematodes.EMBO reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Profiling of extracellular vesicle-associated microRNAs reveals a regulated response to potato virus Y infection in tomato.Frontiers in genetics · 2026Article
- RNA Interference in Plant Interactions with Pathogenic Microorganisms: A Weapon or a Liability?Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
32 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Previously, we have shown that apoplastic wash fluid (AWF) purified from Arabidopsis leaves contains small RNAs (sRNAs). To investigate whether these sRNAs are encapsulated inside extracellular vesicles (EVs), we treated EVs isolated from Arabidopsis leaves with the protease trypsin and RNase A, which should degrade RNAs located outside EVs but not those located inside. These analyses revealed that apoplastic RNAs are mostly located outside and are associated with proteins. Further analyses of these extracellular RNAs (exRNAs) revealed that they include both sRNAs and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), including circular RNAs (circRNAs). We also found that exRNAs are highly enriched in the posttranscriptional modification N6-methyladenine (m6A). Consistent with this, we identified a putative m6A-binding protein in AWF, GLYCINE-RICH RNA-BINDING PROTEIN 7 (GRP7), as well as the sRNA-binding protein ARGONAUTE2 (AGO2). These two proteins coimmunoprecipitated with lncRNAs, including circRNAs. Mutation of GRP7 or AGO2 caused changes in both the sRNA and lncRNA content of AWF, suggesting that these proteins contribute to the secretion and/or stabilization of exRNAs. We propose that exRNAs located outside of EVs mediate host-induced gene silencing, rather than RNA located inside EVs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.