ArticleOncology reports2022
Inhibition of the VEGF signaling pathway attenuates tumor‑associated macrophage activity in liver cancer.
Article in Oncology reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- Next-generation macrophage engineering in cancer therapy: From TAM reprogramming to CAR-macrophages.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Review
- Effect of vagotomy on blood glucose in the early postoperative period after duodenal-jejunal bypass.Surgery today · 2026Article
- Tumor Anti-Angiogenesis Therapy and Its Influence on Immune Cell Function in the Tumor Microenvironment.Cancer medicine · 2026Review
- Immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma: translating mechanistic insights into clinical advances.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2026Review
- Interleukin-6 secreted by tumor-associated macrophages promotes proliferation and migration through JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in human prostate cancer cells.Prostate international · 2026Article
- Targeting Tumor-Associated Macrophages to Reshape the Immuno-Mechanical Landscape: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies.International journal of biological sciences · 2026Review
- Rewiring tumor-associated macrophages in hepatocellular carcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Investigating Late-Stage Diabetic Retinopathy: A Long-term Analysis of Vascular Changes in the Streptozotocin-Induced Mouse Model.Diabetes · 2025Article
- Targeting tumor-associated macrophages to overcome immune checkpoint inhibitor resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2025Review
- GPR65 Inactivation in Tumor Cells Drives Antigen-Independent CAR T-cell Resistance via Macrophage Remodeling.Cancer discovery · 2025Article
- A novel TLR4 accessory molecule drives hepatic oncogenesis through tumor-associated macrophages.Cancer letters · 2025Article
- Role of the AKT signaling pathway in regulating tumor-associated macrophage polarization and in the tumor microenvironment: A review.Medicine · 2025Review
- Angiogenesis and Immunosuppressive Niche in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Reshaping Vascular - Immune Axis to Potentiate antiPD - 1/PD - L1 Therapy.Cancer management and research · 2025Review
- Advancing Hepatocellular Carcinoma Therapy with Next-Generation Molecular and Immunotherapeutics.Journal of hepatocellular carcinoma · 2025Review
- Applications of mRNA Delivery in Cancer Immunotherapy.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Review
- A novel tertiary lymphoid structure-associated signature accurately predicts patient prognosis and facilitates the selection of personalized treatment strategies for HNSCC.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- The relationship between the tumor microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinoma - including cancer-associated fibroblasts and tumor-associated macrophages - and apparent diffusion coefficient.American journal of cancer research · 2025Article
- The immune microenvironment in endometrial carcinoma: mechanisms and therapeutic targeting.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Lenvatinib-resistant hepatocellular carcinoma promotes malignant potential of tumor-associated macrophages via exosomal miR-301a-3p.Annals of gastroenterological surgery · 2024Article
- Synthesis, Radiolabeling, and Biodistribution Study of a Novel DOTA-Peptide for Targeting Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptors in the Molecular Imaging of Breast Cancer.Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Tumor‑associated macrophage (TAMs) are paramount for tumor progression and immune tolerance in the tumor microenvironment of various types of cancer, including liver cancer. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibition on TAM polarization and function during their interactions with macrophages and liver cancer cells. TAMs were induced by culturing M0 macrophages with cancer cell‑conditioned medium. TAMs cultured with cancer cell‑conditioned medium and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitor were defined as modified TAMs, and the expression levels of TAM‑associated markers and VEGF receptor 2 were evaluated using reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR). The effects of TAMs and modified TAMs on cancer cell proliferation and migration were investigated using conditioned medium. Programmed death‑ligand 1 (PD‑L1) mRNA expression in modified TAMs and cancer cells cultured in modified TAM‑conditioned medium (TAM‑CM) for 48 h was examined using RT‑qPCR. In order to investigate signaling pathways in macrophages, western blot analysis was performed. CD163 and CD206 and M2 macrophage marker expression was upregulated in TAMs and modified TAMs. Modified TAM‑CM exhibited a decreased ability to promote cancer cell proliferation and migration in comparison with the use of TAM‑CM. The VEGF concentration was significantly higher in the TAMs than in M0 macrophages; however, the modified TAMs displayed a significantly lower VEGF secretion than TAMs. PD‑L1 expression was decreased in modified TAMs as compared with TAMs. Western blot analysis revealed that the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway was significantly suppressed in the modified TAMs compared with TAMs. It was observed that TAMs cultured in a VEGF‑depleted environment displayed lower secretion levels of cytokines involved in tumor progression and a decreased immune tolerance‑inducing ability. On the whole, the results of the present study suggested that VEGF inhibition in TAMs may be a potential therapeutic target for liver cancer.
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