ArticleCell death discovery2022
E-cigarette and food flavoring diacetyl alters airway cell morphology, inflammatory and antiviral response, and susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2.
Article in Cell death discovery, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- The triple-hit hypothesis: exploring pulmonary e-cigarette, PMEuropean respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2026Review
- Toxicity of humectants propylene glycol and vegetable glycerin in electronic nicotine delivery systems.Toxicology letters · 2025Review
- Review
- Immunological Effects of Electronic Cigarette Use: A Review of Current Evidence.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2025Review
- Association between the use of electronic cigarettes and myocardial infarction in U.S. adults.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Clinical guidance for e-cigarette (vaping) cessation: Results from a modified Delphi panel approach.Preventive medicine reports · 2023Article
- Quantifying PG : VG ratio and nicotine content in commercially available e-liquids using handheld Raman spectroscopy.The Analyst · 2023Article
- Twenty-eight day repeated exposure of human 3D bronchial epithelial model to heated tobacco aerosols indicates decreased toxicological responses compared to cigarette smoke.Frontiers in toxicology · 2023Article
- Diacetyl inhalation impairs airway epithelial repair in mice infected with influenza A virus.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Diacetyl (DA) is an α-diketone that is used to flavor microwave popcorn, coffee, and e-cigarettes. Occupational exposure to high levels of DA causes impaired lung function and obstructive airway disease. Additionally, lower levels of DA exposure dampen host defenses in vitro. Understanding DA's impact on lung epithelium is important for delineating exposure risk on lung health. In this study, we assessed the impact of DA on normal human bronchial epithelial cell (NHBEC) morphology, transcriptional profiles, and susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Transcriptomic analysis demonstrated cilia dysregulation, an increase in hypoxia and sterile inflammation associated pathways, and decreased expression of interferon-stimulated genes after DA exposure. Additionally, DA exposure resulted in cilia loss and increased hyaluronan production. After SARS-CoV-2 infection, both genomic and subgenomic SARS-CoV-2 RNA were increased in DA vapor- compared to vehicle-exposed NHBECs. This work suggests that transcriptomic and physiologic changes induced by DA vapor exposure damage cilia and increase host susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.