ArticleeNeuro
Pupil Correlates of Decision Variables in Mice Playing a Competitive Mixed-Strategy Game.
Article in eNeuro. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Population-level encoding of task information is stronger in the adolescent compared to adult frontal cortex.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2026Article
- Autism-associatedProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Frontal noradrenergic and cholinergic transients exhibit distinct spatiotemporal dynamics during competitive decision-making.Science advances · 2025Article
- Proactive Versus Reactive Control Strategies Differentially Mediate Alcohol Drinking in Male Wistars and P Rats.eNeuro · 2024Article
- Frontal noradrenergic and cholinergic transients exhibit distinct spatiotemporal dynamics during competitive decision-making.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Article
- Competitive and cooperative games for probing the neural basis of social decision-making in animals.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2023Review
- Article
- Pupillary dynamics of mice performing a Pavlovian delay conditioning task reflect reward-predictive signals.Frontiers in systems neuroscience · 2022Article
- Choice perseverance underlies pursuing a hard-to-get target in an avatar choice task.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
In a competitive game involving an animal and an opponent, the outcome is contingent on the choices of both players. To succeed, the animal must continually adapt to competitive pressure, or else risk being exploited and lose out on rewards. In this study, we demonstrate that head-fixed male mice can be trained to play the iterative competitive game "matching pennies" against a virtual computer opponent. We find that the animals' performance is well described by a hybrid computational model that includes Q-learning and choice kernels. Comparing between matching pennies and a non-competitive two-armed bandit task, we show that the tasks encourage animals to operate at different regimes of reinforcement learning. To understand the involvement of neuromodulatory mechanisms, we measure fluctuations in pupil size and use multiple linear regression to relate the trial-by-trial transient pupil responses to decision-related variables. The analysis reveals that pupil responses are modulated by observable variables, including choice and outcome, as well as latent variables for value updating, but not action selection. Collectively, these results establish a paradigm for studying competitive decision-making in head-fixed mice and provide insights into the role of arousal-linked neuromodulation in the decision process.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.