Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35168596›Full record

ArticleBMC public health2022

Gender differences in the relationship between informal caregiving and subjective health: the mediating role of health promoting behaviors.

Aeri Kim, Kyungmi Woo

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
18citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  6. Lifestyle medicine pillars for women's heart health.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2025
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  14. Where you begin is not necessarily where you end: the mental and physical health trajectories of cancer caregivers over time.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2024
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  17. A burden shared: the financial, psychological, and health-related consequences borne by family members and caregivers of people with cancer in India.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2023
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Aeri KimCenter for Human-Caring Nurse Leaders for the Future By Brain Korea 21 (BK 21) four project, College of Nursing, Seoul National University, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 03080.
Kyungmi WooCollege of Nursing, Research Institute of Nursing Science, Seoul National University, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Republic of Korea, Seoul, 03080. woo2020@snu.ac.kr.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIn most of developed societies, the prevalence of informal care is on the rise due to rapid population ageing. This study investigates longitudinal associations between informal caregiving and health among caregivers and potential gender differences in this relationship. Moreover, drawing on the Health Promotion Model, this study examines the mediating role of health promoting behaviors in the link between informal caregiving and caregiver's health.

methodsSeven waves of a large-scale (N = 9,608), a nationally representative longitudinal study of middle- and old-aged adults in Korea between 2006 and 2018, were used. To address the possibility of omitted variable bias, this study employed ordinary least squares models with lagged dependent variables (OLS-LDV) as well as fixed effects (FE) models. Univariate Sobel-Goodman mediation tests were used.

resultsFindings from OLS-LDV models showed that transition into informal caregiving is negatively associated with health satisfaction and self-rated health. FE results also suggest that our results are robust to controlling for unobserved heterogeneity. In the model where informal caregiving is interacted with gender, we found that these associations were largely driven by women caregivers. Results from Sobel-Goodman tests revealed that a decrease in regular exercise partially explains the observed association between informal caregiving and subjective health outcomes (11% for health satisfaction and 8% for self-rated health).

conclusionsAlthough informal caregiving can be a rewarding role, it poses a threat to caregiver's subjective health. Findings of this hold important implications and provide evidence in support of a gender-conscious approach to improve the health and well-being of informal caregivers.

Indexed as

CaregiversDiagnostic Self EvaluationAdultFemaleHealth PromotionHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleMiddle AgedSex FactorsFixed effectsGender differenceGeneral estimating equationsHealth Promoting BehaviorsHealth SatisfactionInformal caregiverKLoSALongitudinal studySelf-rated HealthSubjective Health

Identifiers

PMID35168596
PMCPMC8845367

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.