ArticleThe Plant cell2022
Monolignol export by diffusion down a polymerization-induced concentration gradient.
Article in The Plant cell, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- From Defense Executor to Engineering Target: Harnessing Lignin for Crop Resistance.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Flavescence dorée phytoplasma infection represses the transcription of the lignin pathway inFrontiers in plant science · 2026Article
- Physiological roles of lignins - tuning cell wall hygroscopy and biomechanics.The New phytologist · 2025Review
- Emergence of lignin-carbohydrate interactions during plant stem maturation visualized by solid-state NMR.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Extracellular vesicles of Norway spruce contain precursors and enzymes for lignin formation and salicylic acid.Plant physiology · 2024Article
- When the going gets tough: Extracellular vesicles transport lignin precursors and lignifying enzymes.Plant physiology · 2024Article
- Integrative Dissection of Lignin Composition in Tartary Buckwheat Seed Hulls for Enhanced Dehulling Efficiency.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- The plant cell wall-dynamic, strong, and adaptable-is a natural shapeshifter.The Plant cell · 2024Review
- A century of studying plant secondary metabolism-From "what?" to "where, how, and why?"Plant physiology · 2024Review
- Breeding for improved digestibility and processing of lignocellulosic biomass inFrontiers in plant science · 2024Review
- Deposition of silica in sorghum root endodermis modifies the chemistry of associated lignin.Frontiers in plant science · 2024Article
- Grass lignin: biosynthesis, biological roles, and industrial applications.Frontiers in plant science · 2024Review
- VAMP726 from maize and Arabidopsis confers pollen resistance to heat and UV radiation by influencing lignin content of sporopollenin.Plant communications · 2023Article
- Systematic approaches to C-lignin engineering in Medicago truncatula.Biotechnology for biofuels and bioproducts · 2023Article
- The impact of xylan on the biosynthesis and structure of extracellular lignin produced by a Norway spruce tissue culture.Plant direct · 2023Article
- Directed growth and fusion of membrane-wall microdomains requires CASP-mediated inhibition and displacement of secretory foci.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Different combinations of laccase paralogs nonredundantly control the amount and composition of lignin in specific cell types and cell wall layers in Arabidopsis.The Plant cell · 2023Article
- Plant Terpenoid Permeability through Biological Membranes Explored via Molecular Simulations.The journal of physical chemistry. B · 2023Article
- Pathogen-induced autophagy regulates monolignol transport and lignin formation in plant immunity.Autophagy · 2023Article
- Molecular simulation of lignin-related aromatic compound permeation through gram-negative bacterial outer membranes.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Lignin, the second most abundant biopolymer, is a promising renewable energy source and chemical feedstock. A key element of lignin biosynthesis is unknown: how do lignin precursors (monolignols) get from inside the cell out to the cell wall where they are polymerized? Modeling indicates that monolignols can passively diffuse through lipid bilayers, but this has not been tested experimentally. We demonstrate significant monolignol diffusion occurs when laccases, which consume monolignols, are present on one side of the membrane. We hypothesize that lignin polymerization could deplete monomers in the wall, creating a concentration gradient driving monolignol diffusion. We developed a two-photon microscopy approach to visualize lignifying Arabidopsis thaliana root cells. Laccase mutants with reduced ability to form lignin polymer in the wall accumulated monolignols inside cells. In contrast, active transport inhibitors did not decrease lignin in the wall and scant intracellular phenolics were observed. Synthetic liposomes were engineered to encapsulate laccases, and monolignols crossed these pure lipid bilayers to form polymer within. A sink-driven diffusion mechanism explains why it has been difficult to identify genes encoding monolignol transporters and why the export of varied phenylpropanoids occurs without specificity. It also highlights an important role for cell wall oxidative enzymes in monolignol export.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.