ArticlePloS one2022
Detecting and monitoring dental plaque levels with digital 2D and 3D imaging techniques.
Article in PloS one, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Powered vs. manual toothbrushes in fixed orthodontic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of orthodontics · 2026Pooled it
- Clinical Outcomes of a Digital Companion in Periodontal Care: A Randomised Controlled Trial.Journal of clinical periodontology · 2026Trial
- The effect of dental floss sequence on plaque removal efficacy and periodontal health: a randomized controlled trial.BMC oral health · 2026Trial
- The effect of educational intervention based on self-efficacy theory on promoting adolescent oral health behaviors through mobile application: a randomized controlled trial study.BMC oral health · 2024Trial
- Evaluation of plaque removal by a single-headed versus a triple-headed manual toothbrush using different plaque assessment tools.Canadian journal of dental hygiene : CJDH = Journal canadien de l'hygiene dentaire : JCHD · 2024Trial
- Remote assessment of caries, MIH, and plaque on intraoral 3D scan images: Findings from the LIFE Child study.Clinical oral investigations · 2026Article
- Mapping dental biofilms: from plaque index through planimetry to volumetric analysis.Clinical oral investigations · 2026Article
- Can Plaque Indices Effectively Indicate the True Amount of Plaque?Caries research · 2026Article
- 3D Method for the Volumetric Evaluation and Visualisation of Dental Biofilms: A Proof-of-Principle Study.Journal of clinical periodontology · 2025Article
- Intelligent biofilm detection with ensemble of deep learning networks.Medicina oral, patologia oral y cirugia bucal · 2025Article
- Deep Learning in Oral Hygiene: Automated Dental Plaque Detection via YOLO Frameworks and Quantification Using the O'Leary Index.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Investigating the relationships among oral health-related knowledge, attitude, practice, and self-efficacy in predicting oral health behaviors among female Iranian students.Frontiers in oral health · 2025Article
- Level of Agreement Between Plaque Detection with Clinical Assessment and Assessment on Intraoral Scanner.Dentistry journal · 2024Article
- Making plaque assessment easier - a validation study of simplified versions of the Marginal Plaque Index.BMC oral health · 2024Article
- Three-Dimensional Planimetry Assessment of Dental Plaque-Covered Area Reduction after Rinsing with 0.2% Sodium Hypochlorite Solution as Part of a Guided Biofilm TherapyBiomedicines · 2024Article
- Evaluation of blue and red two-tone colored staining solution for dental plaque imaging using an intraoral scanner.Journal of clinical and experimental dentistry · 2024Article
- Utility of intraoral scanner imaging for dental plaque detection.Imaging science in dentistry · 2024Article
- Comparison of plaque control record measurements obtained using intraoral scanner and direct visualization.Clinical and experimental dental research · 2024Article
- Factors predicting oral health behaviors among students age 13-15 years in Shushtar city, Iran.BMC oral health · 2023Article
- Diagnostic Applications of Intraoral Scanners: A Systematic Review.Journal of imaging · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Detecting and monitoring dental plaque is an important issue in research and clinical practice. In this context, new digital imaging methods that permit permanent documentation of the clinical findings could be promising tools. The aim of the study was therefore to investigate whether disclosed plaque can be reliably visualised on 2D and 3D images captured with digital intraoral imaging devices. Clinical examination was the reference method. Twenty subjects (27.5±1.2 years) were included and plaque was measured at three different stages: habitual plaque (T1), after 72 h without oral hygiene (T2) and after a subsequent habitual brushing exercise (T3). At each time point, plaque was disclosed followed by the clinical examination and capturing the 2D and 3D images (intraoral-camera CS 1500 and intraoral-scanner CS 3600; Carestream Dental, Germany). Plaque amounts were recorded on oral and vestibular surfaces of the Ramfjord-teeth (16, 21, 24, 36, 41, 44) using the Rustogi-modified-Navy-Plaque-Index (RMNPI) and expressed as percentage of plaque-containing RMNPI areas of all RMNPI areas. At T1, percentages (mean±SD) obtained from the clinical examination, 2D and 3D images were 62.2±10.6, 65.1±10.0 and 64.4±10.6 resp. increasing to 76.9±8.0, 77.9±8.6 and 77.5±9.4 resp. at T2. After toothbrushing (T3), values decreased to 56.3±11.1, 58.2±12.1 and 61.2±10.8 resp. All methods were able to show statistically significant changes in plaque amounts at the different time points with in part statistically significant but minor differences between them. The Bland-Altmann analysis revealed a good agreement between values from both 2D and 3D images with the clinical examination. The agreement of the scores obtained with the both image-based methods for the single RMNPI areas with the clinical examination was mainly classified as substantial to almost perfect. Amounts of plaque can be reliably detected and monitored on 2D images from an intraoral camera and on 3D images from an intraoral scanner.
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