Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35166973›Full record

SynthesisThe European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care2022

Determinants of willingness to pay for health services: a systematic review of contingent valuation studies.

Caroline Steigenberger, Magdalena Flatscher-Thoeni, Uwe Siebert, Andrea M Leiter

Abstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
50citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

50 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. A Systematic Review of the Economic Burden of Proton Therapy in Head and Neck Cancer.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2023
    Pooled it
  3. Stability of Willingness to Pay: Does Time and Treatment Allocation in a Randomized Controlled Trial Influence Willingness to Pay?Medical decision making : an international journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making · 2024
    Trial
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Willingness and Ability to Pay for Critical Care Treatment for Non-COVID Illness during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Prospective Observational Study in a Tertiary Care Centre in India.Indian journal of critical care medicine : peer-reviewed, official publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine · 2026
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Willingness to pay for a quality-adjusted life year in Iran: a systematic review.Cost effectiveness and resource allocation : C/E · 2026
    Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Does timing matter? The role of health information shocks in measuring willingness to pay.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2025
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Caroline SteigenbergerInstitute of Public Health, Medical Decision Making and Health Technology Assessment, Department of Public Health, Health Services Research and Health Technology Assessment, UMIT - University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall in Tirol, Austria. caroline.steigenberger@umit-tirol.at.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0713-2623
Magdalena Flatscher-ThoeniInstitute of Public Health, Medical Decision Making and Health Technology Assessment, Department of Public Health, Health Services Research and Health Technology Assessment, UMIT - University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall in Tirol, Austria.
Uwe SiebertInstitute of Public Health, Medical Decision Making and Health Technology Assessment, Department of Public Health, Health Services Research and Health Technology Assessment, UMIT - University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall in Tirol, Austria.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6425-7671
Andrea M LeiterDepartment of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Statistics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8628-5072

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionStated preference studies are a valuable tool to elicit respondents' willingness to pay (WTP) for goods or services, especially in situations where no market valuation exists. Contingent valuation (CV) is a widely used approach among stated-preference techniques for eliciting WTP if prices do not exist or do not reflect actual costs, for example, when services are covered by insurance. This review aimed to provide an overview of relevant factors determining WTP for health services to support variable selection.

methodsA comprehensive systematic literature search and review of CV studies assessing determinants of WTP for health services was conducted, including 11 electronic databases. Two of the authors made independent decisions on the eligibility of studies. We extracted all determinants used and related p values for the effect sizes (e.g. reported in regression models with WTP for a health service as outcome variable). Determinants were summarised in systematic evidence tables and structured by thematic domains.

resultsWe identified 2082 publications, of which 202 full texts were checked for eligibility. We included 62 publications on 61 studies in the review. Across all studies, we identified 22 WTP determinants and other factors from 5 thematic domains: sociodemographic characteristics, perceived threat, perceived benefit, perceived barriers, and other information.

conclusionOur review provides evidence on 22 relevant determinants of WTP for health services, which may be used for variable selection and as guidance for planning CV surveys. Endogeneity should be carefully considered before interpreting these determinants as causal factors and potential intervention targets.

Indexed as

Health ServicesCosts and Cost AnalysisHumansSurveys and QuestionnairesContingent valuationEconomic valuationLiterature reviewPublic healthSociodemographic determinantsWillingness to pay

Identifiers

PMID35166973
PMCPMC8853086

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.