ArticleArthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.)2022
Expert Perspective: An Approach to Refractory Lupus Nephritis.
Article in Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Astragalus-containing Chinese herbal medicine used with Western medicine for lupus nephritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Pooled it
- Peripheral blood CD19+B cell proportion at baseline predicts early complete response to belimumab treatment in patients with refractory lupus nephritis.Lupus science & medicine · 2026Article
- Long-term clinical outcomes and safety of rituximab in refractory neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus: a real-world single-center study.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Article
- A Review and Future Perspective on Renal Outcome Definitions in Lupus Nephritis.ACR open rheumatology · 2026Review
- Refractory lupus nephritis: current Understanding and emerging treatment strategies.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2025Review
- Anti-B Cell Strategy in Nephrotic Syndrome: Beyond Rituximab.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Repeat renal biopsy findings in 82 lupus nephritis patients: a clinicopathological study.International journal of clinical and experimental pathology · 2025Article
- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Children.Indian journal of pediatrics · 2024Review
- Rituximab alleviates pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus associated refractory immune thrombocytopenia: a case-based review.Immunologic research · 2024Review
- Safety and Tolerability of KIO-101 Eye Drops in Healthy Volunteers and Patients with Ocular Surface Disease-A Phase I Study.Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- Application of CD38 monoclonal antibody in kidney disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Serum IFN-γ Predicts the Therapeutic Effect of Belimumab in Refractory Lupus Nephritis Patients.Pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine · 2024Article
- [Diagnostic and therapy of lupus nephritis - 2023].Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · 2023Article
- Daratumumab monotherapy for refractory lupus nephritis.Nature medicine · 2023Article
- Total cortical interstitial inflammation predicts chronic kidney disease progression in patients with lupus nephritis.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2023Article
- Biology of endophilin and it's role in disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Treatment of refractory lupus nephritis using leflunomide: A prospective study.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus affects the kidneys in ~50% of all patients, and lupus nephritis (LN) is the most common manifestation of kidney involvement. Despite prompt diagnosis and treatment with aggressive immunosuppression, a significant proportion of LN patients do not respond to treatment and are considered to have refractory LN. Several factors other than drug resistance, such as nonadherence to treatment, undertreatment with conventional drugs, the effects of accumulated chronic damage, and genetic factors, may contribute to a poor response to treatment and should be considered. We define refractory LN as no change in (or worsening of) proteinuria and/or estimated glomerular filtration rate in response to 2 different standard-of-care induction regimens after 4-6 months in patients who are adherent to treatment. For patients who have LN that is truly refractory to standard of care, B cell-targeted therapy, specifically rituximab (RTX), is the most common next step. There is limited evidence available on alternative rescue therapies that may be used when there is no response to RTX. These include anti-CD38, leflunomide, intravenous immunoglobulin, plasma exchange, autologous stem cell transplantation, chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy, anticomplement therapy, and interleukin-2 therapy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.