ArticleNature medicine2022
Antibody responses and correlates of protection in the general population after two doses of the ChAdOx1 or BNT162b2 vaccines.
Article in Nature medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 150 papers.
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Who cites it
150 citing papers in PubMed, 266 citations in OpenAlex.
- Multiple vaccine comparison in the same adults reveals vaccine-specific and age-related humoral response patterns: an open phase IV trial.Nature communications · 2024Trial
- Immunogenicity of Omicron BA.1-adapted BNT162b2 vaccines: randomized trial, 3-month follow-up.Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases · 2023Trial
- Korean Red Ginseng Potentially Improves Maintaining Antibodies after COVID-19 Vaccination: A 24-Week Longitudinal Study.Nutrients · 2023Trial
- Robust humoral and cellular recall responses to AZD1222 attenuate breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to unvaccinated.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Trial
- Associations of Pre-Pandemic CKD With Acute and Post-Acute COVID-19: The C4R Study.American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation · 2026Article
- Longitudinal antibody correlates of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a US household cohort during Omicron waves.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Risk Factors and Vaccination Dose Associated with COVID-19 Mortality: A Population-Based Study in Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Vaccination and hybrid immunity is associated with SARS-CoV-2 protection but not shedding duration in rural Guatemalan households.Research square · 2026Article
- Long-term kinetics of anti-RBD IgG antibodies 16 months after COVID-19 vaccination in Morocco: a longitudinal cohort study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Correlates of severe and delta COVID-19 in a phase 3 trial of the AZD1222 vaccine.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
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- The impact of Omicron infection on antibody response and attenuation: a six-month follow-up study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Article
- Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron lineages shifted antibody-mediated protection curves.iScience · 2025Article
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Seroprevalence and Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccination Trends: Findings from Surveillance Conducted at First Antenatal Care Visits in Kenya, Nigeria, Malawi, Mozambique, Uganda, and Zambia, 2021-2022.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2025Article
- Article
- TNF inhibitors affect the induction and maintenance of spike-specific B-cell responses after mRNA vaccination.RMD open · 2025Article
- Modeling Antibody Kinetics Post-mRNA Booster Vaccination and Protection Durations Against SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Journal of medical virology · 2025Article
- Determinants of antibody levels and protection against omicron BQ.1/XBB breakthrough infection.Communications medicine · 2025Article
- Article
90 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
21 authors at 15 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Antibody responses are an important part of immunity after Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination. However, antibody trajectories and the associated duration of protection after a second vaccine dose remain unclear. In this study, we investigated anti-spike IgG antibody responses and correlates of protection after second doses of ChAdOx1 or BNT162b2 vaccines for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the United Kingdom general population. In 222,493 individuals, we found significant boosting of anti-spike IgG by the second doses of both vaccines in all ages and using different dosing intervals, including the 3-week interval for BNT162b2. After second vaccination, BNT162b2 generated higher peak levels than ChAdOX1. Older individuals and males had lower peak levels with BNT162b2 but not ChAdOx1, whereas declines were similar across ages and sexes with ChAdOX1 or BNT162b2. Prior infection significantly increased antibody peak level and half-life with both vaccines. Anti-spike IgG levels were associated with protection from infection after vaccination and, to an even greater degree, after prior infection. At least 67% protection against infection was estimated to last for 2-3 months after two ChAdOx1 doses, for 5-8 months after two BNT162b2 doses in those without prior infection and for 1-2 years for those unvaccinated after natural infection. A third booster dose might be needed, prioritized to ChAdOx1 recipients and those more clinically vulnerable.
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