ArticleSocial science & medicine (1982)2023
Longitudinal associations between racial discrimination and hippocampal and white matter hyperintensity volumes among older Black adults.
Article in Social science & medicine (1982), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed.
- Racism and alterations in brain structure and function: A narrative review of emerging neuroimaging evidence in racialized individuals.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2026Review
- Structural and social determinants of health shape the impact of neurodegeneration and cerebrovascular pathology on cognitive functioning in black adults.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2026Article
- A world view: Considerations of sociocultural diversity in the study of subjective cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Review
- Plasma phosphorylated tau 181, vascular risk factors, and cognition in elderly Hispanics.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2026Article
- Do white matter hyperintensities account for the relationship between discrimination and memory?Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Major Lifetime Discrimination Exposure Accelerates Brain Microstructural Aging: Diffusion MRI Evidence From MIDUS.Biopsychosocial science and medicine · 2026Article
- Hippocampal Volume Moderates the Link between Racial-Ethnic Discrimination and Early Adolescent Depression.Clinical psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · 2026Article
- Associations between amygdala connectivity and experienced discrimination in children.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Brain and cognitive correlates of social status across race/ethnicity and sex/gender.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- The relationship between racial discrimination and white matter among Black older adults.Neurobiology of aging · 2025Article
- Does education promote resilience and brain health in those with exceptional longevity? The LifeAfter90 study.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Investigating the role of chronic stress and perceived discrimination in racial disparities in incident dementia among U.S. older adults.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2025Article
- Minoritised ethnic groups and modifiable dementia risk: a scoping review of UK-based evidence.Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2025Article
- Multilevel Racism and Discrimination and Cardiovascular Disease and Related Biopsychosocial Mechanisms: An Integrated Scoping and Literature Review and Future Research Agenda.Current cardiology reports · 2025Article
- Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias Diagnosis in the United States Among US-Born and Foreign-Born White, Black, Hispanic, and Asian Older Adults.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- Pathways to Racial/Ethnic Inequalities in Dementia.Annual review of clinical psychology · 2025Review
- Cross-Sectional Comparison of Structural MRI Markers of Impairment in a Diverse Cohort of Older Adults.Human brain mapping · 2025Article
- Cognitive Difficulty in Middle Eastern and North African Adults Living in the United States Compared With Other Racial and Ethnic Categories, 2017-2021.American journal of public health · 2024Article
- Racial and ethnic socioenvironmental inequity and neuroimaging in psychiatry: a brief review of the past and recommendations for the future.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2024Review
- Advancing Aging Research Through a Health Disparities Perspective.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
rationaleNon-Hispanic Black older adults are at higher risk of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) than non-Hispanic Whites, which reflects racial disparities in both brain and cognitive health. Discrimination may contribute to these disparities, but much of the research on discrimination and ADRD outcomes is cross-sectional and/or does not disaggregate experiences of discrimination by attribution. Focusing specifically on racial discrimination and considering longitudinal brain outcomes may advance our understanding of the role of discrimination in explaining disproportionate rates of ADRD among non-Hispanic Black older adults.
methodsIn total, 221 non-Hispanic Black participants in the Washington Heights-Inwood Columbia Aging Project completed multiple measures of discrimination at one time point and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans at two time points. Everyday discrimination and lifetime discrimination were operationalized first as aggregate experiences of discrimination (regardless of identity attributions) and then as racial discrimination per se. MRI outcomes included hippocampal and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volumes. Latent difference score models estimated associations between the discrimination measures and each MRI outcome over four years.
resultsAggregate discrimination (regardless of attributions) was not associated with either outcome. Lifetime racial discrimination was associated with lower initial hippocampal volume. Everyday racial discrimination was associated with faster accumulation of WMH over time.
conclusionsRacial discrimination may be detrimental for brain aging among non-Hispanic Black older adults, which may contribute to their disproportionate dementia burden. Disaggregating discrimination by attribution may clarify research on racial inequalities in brain and cognitive aging, as racial discrimination appears to be particularly toxic.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.