Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35164685›Full record

Observational studyBMC infectious diseases2022

Students' observations of hand hygiene adherence in 20 nursing home wards, during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Ida Hellum Sandbekken, Åsmund Hermansen, Inger Utne, Ellen Karine Grov, Borghild Løyland

Open access · goldAbstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in BMC infectious diseases, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed
3.3field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Observational
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Ida Hellum SandbekkenDepartment of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University, Postboks 4, St. Olavs Plass, 0130, Oslo, Norway.
Åsmund HermansenDepartment of Social Work, Child Welfare and Social Policy, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway.
Inger UtneDepartment of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University, Postboks 4, St. Olavs Plass, 0130, Oslo, Norway.
Ellen Karine GrovDepartment of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University, Postboks 4, St. Olavs Plass, 0130, Oslo, Norway.
Borghild LøylandDepartment of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University, Postboks 4, St. Olavs Plass, 0130, Oslo, Norway. borglo@oslomet.no.
OsloMet – Oslo Metropolitan University · NO

Funding

Norwegian Nurses Organisation PdD grant 2020-2022. 4207
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundHealthcare-associated infections are a major threat to patient safety, particularly vulnerable elderly living in nursing homes, who have an increased risk of infections and mortality. Although good hand hygiene is the most effective preventive measure against infections, few studies of hand hygiene adherence have been conducted in nursing homes. The aim of this study is to investigate hand hygiene adherence in nursing homes with students as observers using a validated observation tool. In addition, to examine when healthcare workers perform hand hygiene and when they do not.

methodsThis observational study used the World Health Organization's observation tool for studying hand hygiene indication and adherence: "My five moments for hand hygiene." For 1 week each in February and March 2021, 105 first-year nursing students conducted 7316 hand hygiene observations at 20 nursing home wards in one large municipality in Norway.

resultsThe overall adherence rate found in this study was 58.3%. Hand hygiene adherence decreased from 65.8% in February to 51.4% in March. The adherence varied largely between the different wards, from 26.4 to 83.1%, and by occupation status, indications of hand hygiene, and use of gloves. Nursing students were found to have the greatest adherence, followed by nurses. The use of gloves reduced adherence. Healthcare workers to a larger degree conduct hand hygiene after contact with patients than before approaching them.

conclusionsHand hygiene adherence is too low to protect all residents against healthcare-associated infections, and the findings from this study indicate that there are many factors that influence hand hygiene adherence, eg., education, occupation status and glove use Increasing healthcare workers' knowledge and skills of hand hygiene is needed to reduce healthcare-associated infections and reminders of the importance of hand hygiene adherence must be an ongoing activity. Interventions to improve hand hygiene adherence in healthcare workers is needed to reduce infections and antibiotic use in nursing homes.

Indexed as

COVID-19Cross InfectionHand HygieneStudents, NursingAgedGuideline AdherenceHand DisinfectionHumansNursing HomesPandemicsSARS-CoV-2Glove useHand HygieneHealthcare-associated infectionsNursing homesStudents as observers

Identifiers

PMID35164685
PMCPMC8845230
OpenAlexW4212879913

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.