ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2022
Upregulation of Cathepsin X in Glioblastoma: Interplay with γ-Enolase and the Effects of Selective Cathepsin X Inhibitors.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- CTSZ-dependent anoikis resistance enhances malignant characters of glioblastoma via NF-κB signaling.iScience · 2026Article
- Cathepsin Z/X: Breaking Down the Known and Unknown.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Cathepsins as Core Players in Obesity Pathogenesis: Emerging Therapeutic Targets.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- The promising role of cathepsins as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in glioblastoma.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- Heterogenous mitochondrial ultrastructure and metabolism of human glioblastoma cells: differences between stem-like and differentiated cancer cells in response to chemotherapy.Radiology and oncology · 2025Article
- The multifaceted roles of cathepsins in immune and inflammatory responses: implications for cancer therapy, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases.Biomarker research · 2024Review
- Therapeutic approaches to modulate the immune microenvironment in gliomas.NPJ precision oncology · 2024Review
- Multifunctional roles of γ-enolase in the central nervous system: more than a neuronal marker.Cell & bioscience · 2024Review
- Article
- BeyondMolecular therapy oncolytics · 2023Review
- Role of Glycolytic and Glutamine Metabolism Reprogramming on the Proliferation, Invasion, and Apoptosis Resistance through Modulation of Signaling Pathways in Glioblastoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Construction of the novel immune risk scoring system related to CD8Cancer cell international · 2023Article
- Article
- The role of lysosomal peptidases in glioma immune escape: underlying mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Proteases: Role and Function in Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Article
- The Slovenian translational platform GlioBank for brain tumor research: Identification of molecular signatures of glioblastoma progression.Neuro-oncology advancesArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and deadly primary brain tumor in adults. Understanding GBM pathobiology and discovering novel therapeutic targets are critical to finding efficient treatments. Upregulation of the lysosomal cysteine carboxypeptidase cathepsin X has been linked to immune dysfunction and neurodegenerative diseases, but its role in cancer and particularly in GBM progression in patients is unknown. In this study, cathepsin X expression and activity were found to be upregulated in human GBM tissues compared to low-grade gliomas and nontumor brain tissues. Cathepsin X was localized in GBM cells as well as in tumor-associated macrophages and microglia. Subsequently, potent irreversible (AMS36) and reversible (Z7) selective cathepsin X inhibitors were tested in vitro. Selective cathepsin X inhibitors decreased the viability of patient-derived GBM cells as well as macrophages and microglia that were cultured in conditioned media of GBM cells. We next examined the expression pattern of neuron-specific enzyme γ-enolase, which is the target of cathepsin X. We found that there was a correlation between high proteolytic activity of cathepsin X and
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.