ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2022
Hepatitis B Flare in Hepatitis B e Antigen-Negative Patients: A Complicated Cascade of Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Early HBcrAg and Anti-HBc Levels Identify Patients at High Risk for Severe Flares After Nucleos(t)ide Analogue Cessation-A Pooled Analysis of Two Clinical Trials.Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics · 2025Trial
- Severe hepatitis B flare and liver failure: current assessment and management.Clinical and molecular hepatology · 2026Review
- Anti-HBs Immune Complex Levels: A Novel Marker of Hepatitis Flare Following Nucleos(t)ide Analog Withdrawal in HBeAg-negative Chronic Hepatitis B.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Long-term HBsAg clearance, relapse, and safety following tenofovir or entecavir discontinuation in non-cirrhotic, HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Downregulation of Toll-Like Receptor Gene Expression Among Hepatitis B Virus-Positive Human Patients.Cureus · 2025Article
- Serum TNF-a and biomarkers levels after tenofovir therapy in patients with serum HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B.Journal of medical biochemistry · 2025Article
- Rheumatoid factor levels indicate cryoglobulinemia severity in hepatitis B e antigen-negative hepatitis B virus carriers: a 7-year prospective cohort study.Hepatology international · 2025Article
- A machine learning model for non-invasive prediction of advanced liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B.American journal of translational research · 2025Article
- Hepatic and Extrahepatic Characteristics of Autoimmune Hepatitis: A 23-year Hospital-Based Cohort Study.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2024Article
- The Relationship between Viral Replication and the Severity of Hepatic Necroinflammatory Damage Changed before HBeAg Loss in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection.Journal of clinical and translational hepatology · 2024Article
- Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) Infection Among Immunocompromised Individuals: A Brief Narrative Review.Infection and drug resistance · 2024Review
- Peripheral NK cell phenotypic alteration and dysfunctional state post hepatitis B subviral particles stimulation in CHB patients: evading immune surveillance.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- The Comparison of Serum Interleukin-8 Levels Based on Severity of Liver Cirrhosis.Medical archives (Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina) · 2024Article
- Evaluation of the Diagnostic Performances of the SD-BiolineDiagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Development of Therapy Based on the Exploration of Biological Events Underlying the Pathogenetic Mechanisms of Chronic Hepatitis B Infection.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Article
- Effective Analysis of Antiviral Treatment in Patients with HBeAg-Seropositive Chronic Hepatitis B with ALT < 2 Upper Limits of Normal: A Multi-center Retrospective Cohort Study.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2023Article
- Case report: Unusual viral evolutions following antiviral therapies in a patient with concurrent hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Article
- Follow-up value of serum AFP and aminotransferases in chronic hepatitis B progression.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a dynamic process involving interactions among HBV, hepatocytes, and the host immune system. The natural course of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is divided into four chronological phases, including the hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive and HBeAg-negative phases. During HBV flare, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels abruptly rise to >5× the upper limit of normal; this is thought to occur due to the immune response against an upsurge in serum HBV DNA and antigen levels. Hepatitis flares may occur spontaneously, during or after antiviral therapy, or upon immunosuppression or chemotherapy in both HBeAg-positive and HBeAg-negative patients. The clinical spectrum of HBV flares varies from asymptomatic to hepatic decompensation or failure. HBeAg seroconversion with ≥ 1 year of consolidation therapy is accepted as an endpoint of oral antiviral therapy in HBeAg-positive patients, but recommendations for treating HBeAg-negative patients differ. Thus, the management of HBeAg-negative patients has attracted increasing interest. In the current review, we summarize various types of HBV flares and the associated complex cascade of innate and adaptive immune responses, with a focus on HBeAg-negative CHB patients. Hopefully, this review will provide insight into immunopathogenesis to improve the management of HBV flares in HBeAg-negative CHB patients.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.