ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2022
Ten Approaches That Improve Immunostaining: A Review of the Latest Advances for the Optimization of Immunofluorescence.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 106 citations in OpenAlex.
- Artificial Intelligence as a Discovery Engine for Routine Molecular Techniques: Extracting Biological Insight from Western Blotting, ELISA, Immunostaining, and Immunoprecipitation.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2026Review
- Review
- Heparinized Elastomeric Nanofibrillar Grafts: Mechanically Tunable, Cell-Supportive, and Thromboresistant Vascular Substitutes.ACS applied bio materials · 2026Article
- Whole-Mount Immunostaining of Tyrosine Hydroxylase for Dopaminergic Neuron Analysis in Zebrafish Larvae.Bio-protocol · 2026Article
- Proteomic Profiling of Primary Hippocampal Neurons Reveals Noncanonical GFAP Expression and Metabolic Adaptations in Glia-Free Culture.Proteomics · 2026Article
- Antibody-trapping presents a widespread pitfall for microscopy and genomics in the nucleus.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Modelling the effect of antibody depletion for dose-response behavior of common immunostaining protocols.Journal of mathematical biology · 2026Article
- Article
- A Simplified Wheat Protoplast Transformation System and Guideline for Avoiding Protein Localization Artifacts.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Specific elimination of m.8993T>G mitochondrial haplotype in NARP cybrid cells by CRISPR-Cas9 system.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Blood-catalyzed n-doped polymers for reversible optical neural control.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Heparinized Elastomeric Nanofibrillar Grafts: A Novel Approach for Mechanically Tunable, Cell-Supportive, and Thromboresistant Vascular Substitutes.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Dual-mode microfluidic immunostaining device for diagnostic biomarkers detection and tumor microenvironment evaluation.Science advances · 2026Article
- Magnolol triggers ferroptosis in triple-negative breast cancer through modulation of the ETS2/SLC7A11/GPX4 signaling axis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- The Cytoskeleton in Space.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Immunofluorescent Quantification of MIF in Larval Zebrafish Tailfin Transection.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Optimizing tissue clearing methods for improved imaging of whole-mount retinas and optic nerves.Journal of neuroscience methods · 2025Article
- Signal Amplification for Fluorescent Staining of Single Particles in Liquid Biopsies: Circulating Tumour Cells and Extracellular Vesicles.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2025Article
- Estrogen-like Activity ofBiomedicines · 2025Article
- Advances in tissue optical clearing for 3D imaging in large animal.Frontiers of optoelectronics · 2025Review
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immunostaining has emerged as one of the most common and valuable techniques that allow the localization of proteins at a quantitative level within cells and tissues using antibodies coupled to enzymes, fluorochromes, or colloidal nanogold particles. The application of fluorochromes during immunolabeling is referred to as immunofluorescence, a method coupled to widefield or confocal microscopy and extensively applied in basic research and clinical diagnosis. Notwithstanding, there are still disadvantages associated with the application of this technique due to technical challenges in the process, such as sample fixation, permeabilization, antibody incubation times, and fluid exchange, etc. These disadvantages call for continuous updates and improvements to the protocols extensively described in the literature. This review contributes to protocol optimization, outlining 10 current methods for improving sample processing in different stages of immunofluorescence, including a section with further recommendations. Additionally, we have extended our own antibody signal enhancer method, which was reported to significantly increase antibody signals and is useful for cervical cancer detection, to improve the signals of fluorochrome-conjugated staining reagents in fibrous tissues. In summary, this review is a valuable tool for experienced researchers and beginners when planning or troubleshooting the immunofluorescence assay.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.