ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2022
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin and Early Embryogenesis: Review.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- Does Intrauterine Injection of hCG Improve IVF Outcome? A Systematic Review and a Meta-Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Pooled it
- Maternal thyroid function in multiple pregnancies - a systematic review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Pooled it
- Intramuscular injection of human chorionic gonadotropin as luteal phase support in artificial cycle frozen-thawed embryo transfer does not improve clinical outcomes: a parallel, open-label randomized trial.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Trial
- When to test: defining the earliest reliable time for pregnancy detection and its prognostic value after frozen embryo transfer.AJOG global reports · 2026Article
- Embryonic Mediators of Embryo-Uterus Communication, Implantation and Pregnancy.Molecular reproduction and development · 2026Review
- Effects of Preovulatory hCG Administration on Follicular Dynamics, Reproductive Hemodynamics, Nitric Oxide, and VEGF Levels in Mares.Veterinary sciences · 2026Article
- The inverse association between circulatory placental biomarkers in early pregnancy and maternal body mass index.Placenta · 2026Article
- Article
- Free apical surface hetero-cellular CDH1 homophilic binding is a major mediator of blastocyst-endometrium interaction in humans.Human reproduction (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Prediction of live birth using machine learning based on β-hCG and embryo quality in patients with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion undergoing PGT-A.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Lack of difference in thyroid hormone profile between offspring conceived naturally and through ART.Human reproduction open · 2026Article
- Immunological Causes of Infertility: Diagnostic Perspectives.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Article
- The Role of β-Core Fragment hCG in Embryo Implantation and Early Pregnancy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Article
- Evaluation of the relationships between beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) blood levels and pregnancy: A retrospective study.Pakistan journal of medical sciences · 2025Article
- Human Chorionic Gonadotropin as a Marker of Parathyroid Carcinoma: Findings From a Scoping Review.Cureus · 2025Review
- An AlternativeACS omega · 2025Article
- Detecting defects: low initial serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) level may predict future fetal anomalies following frozen embryo transfer (FET).Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2025Article
- Evaluating endometrial response to human chorionic gonadotropin: alterations in epigenetic regulation and extracellular vesicle cargo of endometrial stromal cells.Human reproduction open · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) has four major isoforms: classical hCG, hyperglycosylated hCG, free β subunit, and sulphated hCG. Classical hCG is the first molecule synthesized by the embryo. Its RNA is transcribed as early as the eight-cell stage and the blastocyst produces the protein before its implantation. This review synthetizes everything currently known on this multi-effect hormone: hCG levels, angiogenetic activity, immunological actions, and effects on miscarriages and thyroid function.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.