ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2022
Progesterone: A Unique Hormone with Immunomodulatory Roles in Pregnancy.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05473273 (Descriptive Analysis of Serum Immunological Markers During an Euploid Frozen Embryo Transfer in a Natural Cycle), which is not on this map. Cited by 60 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Descriptive Analysis of Serum Immunological Markers During an Euploid Frozen Embryo Transfer in a Natural Cycle (NC).
Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 97 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness of oral dydrogesterone compared to placebo in reducing the risk of preterm birth: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Pooled it
- Maternal hormonal contraception use and childhood cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of epidemiology · 2026Pooled it
- Progestogen therapy in threatened miscarriage and unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss: Recommendations by the Thai interest group.The journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research · 2025Guideline
- Periconception Maternal-Serum Vitamin D, Vaginal Bleeding, and Subchorionic Hemorrhage in Early Pregnancy.Nutrients · 2026Trial
- Periconception Maternal Vitamin D Status on Nausea and Vomiting Symptoms in Early Pregnancy Among Women with a History of Pregnancy Loss.Nutrients · 2026Trial
- Endometrial immune profiling and precision therapy increase live birth rate after embryo transfer: a randomised controlled trial.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Trial
- Adjuvant Treatment with Oral Dydrogesterone in the Prevention of Preterm Labor: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2023Trial
- Effects of sexual dimorphism and estrous cycle on murineInfection and immunity · 2026Article
- Review
- Progestogen supplementation to prevent miscarriage: Evidence and controversies.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2026Review
- Oral dydrogesterone versus oral micronized progesterone: Interim analysis of a randomized controlled trial in pregnant women with threatened miscarriage.International journal of reproductive biomedicine · 2026Article
- Cytokine signalling in vaginal epithelial cells: mechanistic insights into epithelial immunity and inflammatory milieu in vulvovaginal candidiasis.European cytokine network · 2026Review
- Immunomodulatory Role of Natural Progesterone in Pregnancy: A Review.The journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research · 2026Review
- Reproductive Impacts of African Animal Trypanosomiasis in West African Dwarf Goats-Mechanistic Insights into Trypanotolerance Survival-Fertility Trade-Off: A Systematic Review.Veterinary sciences · 2026Review
- Molecular Mechanisms of Negative Effect of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus on Oogenesis and Meiotic Processes in Oocytes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Acute exposure to cell-free mitochondrial DNA induces pregnancy-specific aortic endothelial dysfunction and organ-selective inflammation in rats.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Identifying biomarkers of the serum proteins and metabolites associated with severe preeclampsia.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Interconnection between polycystic ovary syndrome, immune disorders, and reproductive outcomes.Reproduction & fertility · 2026Review
- Sex hormones and gender differences in immune responses and anticancer immunity: a comprehensive review.Biologia futura · 2026Review
- The maternal and infant gut microbiome: implications for pregnancy outcomes, immune development, and health in the first 1000 days.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Progesterone is well known for its numerous endocrinologic roles in pregnancy but is also endowed with fascinating immunomodulatory capabilities. It can downregulate the induction of inflammatory reactions, the activation of immune cells and the production of cytokines, which are critical mediators of immune responses. These features appear to be critical to the success of pregnancy, given the ability of maternal immune reactivity to interfere with pregnancy and to contribute to several pregnancy complications. This review summarizes the contribution of maternal immune effectors in general, and cytokines in particular, to pregnancy complications such as recurrent miscarriage, pre-eclampsia and preterm labor; it describes the promise offered by supplementation with progesterone and the oral progestogen dydrogesterone, as well as the progesterone-induced blocking factor in the prevention and/or treatment of these serious complications.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.