ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2022
Ibuprofen, Flurbiprofen, Etoricoxib or Paracetamol Do Not Influence ACE2 Expression and Activity In Vitro or in Mice and Do Not Exacerbate In-Vitro SARS-CoV-2 Infection.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antimicrobial potentials and challenges of paracetamol: A comprehensive reassessment based on database reports.Pharmaceutical science advances · 2025Review
- Ketoprofen Lysine Salt Versus Corticosteroids in Early Outpatient Management of Mild and Moderate COVID-19: A Retrospective Study.Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Altered plasma levels of the SARS-CoV-2-related proteins ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in patients with Crohn's disease.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Article
- Harnessing immunity: Immunomodulatory therapies in COVID-19.World journal of virology · 2024Review
- Article
- Long COVID or Post-COVID-19 Condition: Past, Present and Future Research Directions.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Ibuprofen, other NSAIDs and COVID-19: a narrative review.Inflammopharmacology · 2023Review
- Metabolic alterations upon SARS-CoV-2 infection and potential therapeutic targets against coronavirus infection.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2023Review
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Expression and Severity of SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Home as the new frontier for the treatment of COVID-19: the case for anti-inflammatory agents.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2023Review
- Integrated Analgesic Care in the Current Human Monkeypox Outbreak: Perspectives on an Integrated and Holistic Approach Combining Old Allies with Innovative Technologies.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Article
- Analgesia and COVID-19.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 uses the human cell surface protein angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as the receptor by which it gains access into lung and other tissue. Early in the pandemic, there was speculation that a number of commonly used medications-including ibuprofen and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)-have the potential to upregulate ACE2, thereby possibly facilitating viral entry and increasing the severity of COVID-19. We investigated the influence of the NSAIDS with a range of cyclooxygenase (COX)1 and COX2 selectivity (ibuprofen, flurbiprofen, etoricoxib) and paracetamol on the level of ACE2 mRNA/protein expression and activity as well as their influence on SARS-CoV-2 infection levels in a Caco-2 cell model. We also analysed the ACE2 mRNA/protein levels and activity in lung, heart and aorta in ibuprofen treated mice. The drugs had no effect on ACE2 mRNA/protein expression and activity in the Caco-2 cell model. There was no up-regulation of ACE2 mRNA/protein expression and activity in lung, heart and aorta tissue in ibuprofen-treated mice in comparison to untreated mice. Viral load was significantly reduced by both flurbiprofen and ibuprofen at high concentrations. Ibuprofen, flurbiprofen, etoricoxib and paracetamol demonstrated no effects on ACE2 expression or activity in vitro or in vivo. Higher concentrations of ibuprofen and flurbiprofen reduced SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.