Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35162852›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2022

Dual Use of Public and Private Health Care Services in Brazil.

Bianca Silva, Niel Hens, Gustavo Gusso, Susan Lagaert, James Macinko, Sara Willems

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
25citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

25 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Characterization of the clinical forms of chronic chikungunya: an observational cohort study in Rio de Janeiro.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Bianca SilvaDepartment of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, BE-9000 Ghent, Belgium.ORCID 0000-0003-0653-5690
Niel HensData Science Institute (DSI), I-BioStat, Hasselt University, BE-3500 Hasselt, Belgium.ORCID 0000-0003-1881-0637
Gustavo GussoFaculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0002-7488-7535
Susan LagaertDepartment of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, BE-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
James MacinkoDepartment of Health Policy and Management, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health,University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Sara WillemsDepartment of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, BE-9000 Ghent, Belgium.ORCID 0000-0002-6349-7785

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

(1) Background: Brazil has a universal public healthcare system, but individuals can still opt to buy private health insurance and/or pay out-of-pocket for healthcare. Past research suggests that Brazilians make combined use of public and private services, possibly causing double costs. This study aims to describe this dual use and assess its relationship with socioeconomic status (SES). (2) Methods: We calculated survey-weighted population estimates and descriptive statistics, and built a survey-weighted logistic regression model to explore the effect of SES on dual use of healthcare, including demographic characteristics and other variables related to healthcare need and use as additional explanatory variables using data from the 2019 Brazilian National Health Survey. (3) Results: An estimated 39,039,016 (

Indexed as

Health ServicesInsurance, HealthBrazilDelivery of Health CareHumansIncomeBrazilhealthcare useprivate healthcarepublic health

Identifiers

PMID35162852
PMCPMC8835064

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.