ReviewInternational journal of environmental research and public health2022
Virtual Reality in Neurosurgery: Beyond Neurosurgical Planning.
Review in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06917755 (The Impact of Immersive Virtual Reality Training in Thyroid Surgery), which is not on this map. Cited by 88 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Impact of Immersive Virtual Reality Training in Thyroid Surgery: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial
Who cites it
88 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 185 citations in OpenAlex.
- AI-integrated smartwatch monitoring for early detection of stroke and hemorrhage: A systematic review.Medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Ethical Concerns of AI in Neurosurgery: A Systematic Review.Brain and behavior · 2025Pooled it
- Extended reality in skull base surgery: a systematic literature review.Frontiers in surgery · 2025Pooled it
- Augmented Reality Integration in Skull Base Neurosurgery: A Systematic Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Pooled it
- Virtual and augmented reality in biomedical engineering.Biomedical engineering online · 2023Pooled it
- Extended reality for procedural planning and guidance in structural heart disease - a review of the state-of-the-art.The international journal of cardiovascular imaging · 2023Pooled it
- Augmented and virtual reality usage in awake craniotomy: a systematic review.Neurosurgical review · 2022Pooled it
- Comparison between mixed reality with artificial algorithms and ultrasound in localization of anterior thigh flap perforators: a prospective randomized controlled study.BMC medicine · 2025Trial
- Metaverse Clinic for Pregnant Women With Subclinical Hypothyroidism: Prospective Randomized Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Trial
- Boosting electrocardiography leads location training through virtual reality simulation: effects on skill performance and learner satisfaction.BMC medical education · 2026Article
- Morphological and Epidemiological Analysis of the Sphenoid Sinus Based on Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Narrative Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Skull Baseline: A Cross-sectional Analysis of Anatomical Curricula in U.S. Neurosurgery Training Programs.Journal of neurological surgery. Part B, Skull base · 2026Article
- Neurosurgical Care in Italy: A Comprehensive Review and Lessons for High-Income Nations.Neurosurgery practice · 2026Review
- Neurovascular Compression Syndromes of Cranial Nerves: A Multidisciplinary Guide to Management.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- The Role of Virtual and Augmented Reality in Transsphenoidal Surgical Approaches to the Sellar and Parasellar Area-A Systematic Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- A review of head-mounted devices for surgical education, preoperative planning and intraoperative navigation.Updates in surgery · 2026Review
- From Static Diagnosis to Dynamic Guidance : Evolution of Artificial Intelligence in Pediatric Neuroimaging.Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society · 2026Article
- Usefulness of Three-Dimensional-Printed Models in Clipping Intracranial Aneurysms via Keyhole Approaches: A Randomized Controlled Study.3D printing and additive manufacturing · 2026Article
- Virtual Reality in Neurosurgery: Advancing Training, Education, and Surgical Planning.Asian journal of neurosurgery · 2026Review
- From planning to execution: Interactive virtual-reality assisted craniotomy planning in meningioma surgery.Brain & spine · 2026Article
28 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundWhile several publications have focused on the intuitive role of augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) in neurosurgical planning, the aim of this review was to explore other avenues, where these technologies have significant utility and applicability.
methodsThis review was conducted by searching PubMed, PubMed Central, Google Scholar, the Scopus database, the Web of Science Core Collection database, and the SciELO citation index, from 1989-2021. An example of a search strategy used in PubMed Central is: "Virtual reality" [All Fields] AND ("neurosurgical procedures" [MeSH Terms] OR ("neurosurgical" [All Fields] AND "procedures" [All Fields]) OR "neurosurgical procedures" [All Fields] OR "neurosurgery" [All Fields] OR "neurosurgery" [MeSH Terms]). Using this search strategy, we identified 487 (PubMed), 1097 (PubMed Central), and 275 citations (Web of Science Core Collection database).
resultsArticles were found and reviewed showing numerous applications of VR/AR in neurosurgery. These applications included their utility as a supplement and augment for neuronavigation in the fields of diagnosis for complex vascular interventions, spine deformity correction, resident training, procedural practice, pain management, and rehabilitation of neurosurgical patients. These technologies have also shown promise in other area of neurosurgery, such as consent taking, training of ancillary personnel, and improving patient comfort during procedures, as well as a tool for training neurosurgeons in other advancements in the field, such as robotic neurosurgery.
conclusionsWe present the first review of the immense possibilities of VR in neurosurgery, beyond merely planning for surgical procedures. The importance of VR and AR, especially in "social distancing" in neurosurgery training, for economically disadvantaged sections, for prevention of medicolegal claims and in pain management and rehabilitation, is promising and warrants further research.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.