ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2022
Are Patellofemoral Ligaments and Retinacula Distinct Structures of the Knee Joint? An Anatomic, Histological and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Factors associated with an increased risk of osteochondral injuries after patellar dislocations: a systematic review.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2023Pooled it
- The lateral patellar retinaculum is thicker in paediatric and adolescent patients with patellofemoral instability: An MRI analysis.Journal of experimental orthopaedics · 2025Article
- Case Report: Bicondylar conjoined Hoffa fracture with incarcerated patella.Frontiers in surgery · 2025Article
- The Impact of Patient-Controlled Analgesia Combined with Self-Management Training on Pain Modulation in Diabetic Patients with Chronic Knee Pain.Journal of pain research · 2025Article
- Federated knee injury diagnosis using few shot learning.Frontiers in artificial intelligence · 2025Article
- Pain Reduction in Patellofemoral Knee Patients During 3-Month Intervention with Biomechanical and Sensorimotor Foot Orthoses: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Study.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Is There a Strength Deficit of the Quadriceps Femoris Muscle in Patients Treated Conservatively or Surgically after Primary or Recurrent Patellar Dislocations? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- The 'forgotten' lateral patellofemoral ligament: The known unknown.Journal of experimental orthopaedics · 2024Article
- Arthritis or an Adjacent Fascial Response? A Case Report of Combined Pyomyositis and Aseptic Arthritis.Case reports in rheumatology · 2024Article
- Management of comminuted patellar fractures using suture reduction technique combined with the modified Kirschner-wire tension band.BMC surgery · 2023Article
- Feasibility of return to sports assessment 6 months after patellar instability surgery.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2023Article
- Application of the suture anchor in the treatment of Hoffa fractures of the lateral femoral condyle.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2023Article
- Precise Patellar Tendon Insertion Protection and Osteotomy Surface Advantage of Transtibial Tuberosity-High Tibial Osteotomy.Orthopaedic surgery · 2023Article
- The Patellostabilometer: A New Device for Quantification of Mediolateral Patella Displacement.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Clinical Reproducibility and Reliability of Lever Sign (Lelli's) Test for Acute ACL Tear Performed by Medical Students.Advances in medical education and practice · 2023Article
- A comparative study of the efficacy of instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization and massage techniques in patients with patellofemoral joint pain.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Article
- Intra- and Inter-Rater Reliability and Agreement of Ultrasound Imaging of Muscle Architecture and Patellar Tendon in Post-COVID-19 Patients Who Had Experienced Moderate or Severe COVID-19 Infection.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Dynamic Ultrasonography for Imaging Pediatric Fat Pad Herniation through the Lateral Patellar Retinaculum.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Patellofemoral Joint after Opening Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy: A Comparative Study of Uniplane versus Biplane Osteotomies.Orthopaedic surgery · 2022Article
- Dilemma of Supra- or Infrapatellar Tibial Nailing: Anterior Knee Pain vs. Intra-Articular Damage.International journal of clinical practice · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
There is disagreement regarding the description of the patellofemoral ligaments (PFLs), considered by some authors as capsular thickening and by others as independent ligaments. It was hypothesised that the PFLs and retinacula are structures with different histological features. The aim of this study was to describe the stabilising structures of the patella in detail and to determine if the PFLs and retinacula are different and separable structures from a macroscopic, microscopic and imaging viewpoint. An anatomical study was performed on eight knees from five cadavers (mean age, 56.2 years; range, 35-63 years), and a histological study was conducted on specimens from nine patients having a mean age of 65 years (range 35-84 years) who had undergone surgical knee procedures. The imaging study was based on 100 MRIs (96 patients). The mean age was 46 years (range 16-88), and the study analysed the capsular-ligamentous structures. In the medial compartment, the layers and structures were as follows: superficial layer, medial retinaculum; intermediate layer, Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL), Posterior Oblique Ligament (POL) and Medial Patellofemoral Ligament (MPFL); deep layer, deep part of the MCL and joint capsule. In the lateral compartment, the layers and structures were the following: superficial layer, lateral retinaculum; intermediate layer, Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL) and Lateral Patellofemoral Ligament (LPFL); deep layer, joint capsule. All of the knees examined presented a clearly distinguishable MPFL and LPFL separable from the capsular layer. Histological study: there was a higher density of nerve fibres in retinacula compared to ligaments (
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