ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2022
Evaluation of Static Autonomous GNSS Positioning Accuracy Using Single-, Dual-, and Tri-Frequency Smartphones in Forest Canopy Environments.
Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Pixel 5 Versus Pixel 9 Pro XL-Are Android Devices Evolving Towards Better GNSS Performance?Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Accuracy evaluation of smartphone-based GNSS position and speed tracking for ski-slope and safety management.PloS one · 2025Article
- Enhanced GNSS Reliability on High-Dynamic Platforms: A Comparative Study of Multi-Frequency, Multi-Constellation Signals in Jamming Environments.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Static Positioning under Tree Canopy Using Low-Cost GNSS Receivers and Adapted RTKLIB Software.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Software Correction of Speed Measurement Determined by Phone GNSS Modules in Applications for Runners.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Investigating the Improvement of Autonomous Vehicle Performance through the Integration of Multi-Sensor Dynamic Mapping Techniques.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Instantaneous Best Integer Equivariant Position Estimation Using Google Pixel 4 Smartphones for Single- and Dual-Frequency, Multi-GNSS Short-Baseline RTK.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
Abstract
Determining the current position in a forest is essential for many applications and is often carried out using smartphones. Modern smartphones now support various GNSS constellations and multi-frequency analyses, which are expected to provide more accurate positioning. This study compares the static autonomous GNSS positioning accuracy under forest conditions of four multi-frequency multi-constellation smartphones as well as six single-frequency smartphones and a geodetic receiver. Measurements were carried out at 15 different study sites under forest canopies, with 24 measurements lasting approximately 10 min each taken for the 11 GNSS receivers. The results indicate that, on average, multi-frequency smartphones can achieve a higher positioning accuracy. However, the accuracy varies greatly between smartphones, even between identical or quasi-identical tested smartphones. Therefore, no accuracy should be generalised depending on the number of usable frequencies or constellations, but each smartphone should be considered separately. The dual-frequency Xiaomi Mi 10 clearly stands out compared with the other smartphone with a DRMS of 4.56 m and has a 34% lower absolute error than the best single-frequency phone.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.