Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35161958›Full record

ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2022

Chest X-ray Classification for the Detection of COVID-19 Using Deep Learning Techniques.

Ejaz Khan, Muhammad Zia Ur Rehman, Fawad Ahmed, Faisal Abdulaziz Alfouzan, Nouf M Alzahrani, Jawad Ahmad

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
35citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

35 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Deep Learning Approach for Biomedical Image Classification.Journal of imaging informatics in medicine · 2026
    Review
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  7. Article
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  10. Corticosteroid treatment prediction using chest X-ray and clinical data.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2024
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Deep learning framework for rapid and accurate respiratory COVID-19 prediction using chest X-ray images.Journal of King Saud University. Computer and information sciences · 2023
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Ejaz KhanSchool of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne 3000, Australia.
Muhammad Zia Ur RehmanDepartment of Electrical Engineering, HITEC University, Taxila 47080, Pakistan.ORCID 0000-0001-9531-1941
Fawad AhmedDepartment of Cyber Security, Pakistan Navy Engineering College, NUST, Karachi 75350, Pakistan.
Faisal Abdulaziz AlfouzanDepartment of Forensic Sciences, College of Criminal Justice, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences (NAUSS), Riyadh 14812, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0003-1674-4955
Nouf M AlzahraniInformation Technology Department, Collage of Computer Science and Information Technology, Al Baha University, Al Bahah 65731, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0003-0049-0866
Jawad AhmadSchool of Computing, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh EH10 5DT, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-6289-8248

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Recent technological developments pave the path for deep learning-based techniques to be used in almost every domain of life. The precision of deep learning techniques make it possible for these to be used in the medical field for the classification and detection of various diseases. Recently, the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has put a lot of pressure on the health system all around the world. The diagnosis of COVID-19 is possible by PCR testing and medical imagining. Since COVID-19 is highly contagious, diagnosis using chest X-ray is considered safe in various situations. In this study, a deep learning-based technique is proposed to classify COVID-19 infection from other non-COVID-19 infections. To classify COVID-19, three different pre-trained models named EfficientNetB1, NasNetMobile and MobileNetV2 are used. The augmented dataset is used for training deep learning models while two different training strategies have been used for classification. In this study, not only are the deep learning model fine-tuned but also the hyperparameters are fine-tuned, which significantly improves the performance of the fine-tuned deep learning models. Moreover, the classification head is regularized to improve the performance. For the evaluation of the proposed techniques, several performance parameters are used to gauge the performance. EfficientNetB1 with regularized classification head outperforms the other models. The proposed technique successfully classifies four classes that include COVID-19, viral pneumonia, lung opacity, and normal, with an accuracy of 96.13%. The proposed technique shows superiority in terms of accuracy when compared with recent techniques present in the literature.

Indexed as

COVID-19Deep LearningAlgorithmsHumansNeural Networks, ComputerSARS-CoV-2X-Rayschest X-raysclassificationCOVID-19deep learningtransfer learning

Identifiers

PMID35161958
PMCPMC8838072

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.