ReviewSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2022
Sensors and Actuation Technologies in Exoskeletons: A Review.
Review in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Use of Lower Limb Exoskeletons as an Assessment Tool for Human Motor Performance: A Systematic Review.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Pooled it
- Walking with a Passive Hip Exoskeleton and Wearables: Gait Characteristics and Metabolic Power in Senior Adults.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Trial
- Recent Advances in Sensor-Based Upper-Limb and Hand Exoskeletons for Post-Stroke Rehabilitation: A Technical and Biomedical Review.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Real-Time Wearable sEMG Onset Detection and Phase Discrimination of Sit-to-Stand Movement via a Compact Dual-Channel DD-CNN.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Integrating Evaluation into Exoskeleton Systems: A Model-Based Approach.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Artificial Muscles: Electrostatic Actuation and Design Tradeoffs.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Wrist-Wearable sEMG Gesture Recognition System Based on ThinNet Lightweight Neural Network.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Hybrid Analytical and Simulation-Based Approach for Workspace Verification of a Pneumatic Upper Limb Exoskeleton.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Smart exoskeleton-assisted rehabilitation after fracture surgery: closed-loop control, personalized load management, and integrated telemonitoring.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Exoskeleton robotics: from rigid structures to bio-integrated systems.Frontiers in neurorobotics · 2026Review
- Is EMG Information Necessary for Deep Learning Estimation of Joint and Muscle Level States?IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering · 2026Article
- Structural Integrity Enhancement and Sustainable Machining Process Optimization for Anti-Lock Braking System Hydraulic Valve Blocks.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Deep learning for motion classification in ankle exoskeletons using surface EMG and IMU signals.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Comparative Analysis of Passive Movement During Robot-Assisted and Therapist-Led Rehabilitation Exercises.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- A Comprehensive Review of Elbow Exoskeletons: Classification by Structure, Actuation, and Sensing Technologies.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Design and Hysteresis Compensation of Novel Resistive Angle Sensor Based on Rotary Potentiometer.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Research Status and Development Trend of Lower-Limb Squat-Assistant Wearable Devices.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Muscle Activation Reduction During Walking with an Active Hip Exoskeleton.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Exoskeletons for the rehabilitation of temporomandibular disorders: a comprehensive review.Frontiers in robotics and AI · 2025Review
- Energy-Efficient Actuation for Wearable Exoskeletons: A Virtual Prototype.Applied bionics and biomechanics · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Exoskeletons are robots that closely interact with humans and that are increasingly used for different purposes, such as rehabilitation, assistance in the activities of daily living (ADLs), performance augmentation or as haptic devices. In the last few decades, the research activity on these robots has grown exponentially, and sensors and actuation technologies are two fundamental research themes for their development. In this review, an in-depth study of the works related to exoskeletons and specifically to these two main aspects is carried out. A preliminary phase investigates the temporal distribution of scientific publications to capture the interest in studying and developing novel ideas, methods or solutions for exoskeleton design, actuation and sensors. The distribution of the works is also analyzed with respect to the device purpose, body part to which the device is dedicated, operation mode and design methods. Subsequently, actuation and sensing solutions for the exoskeletons described by the studies in literature are analyzed in detail, highlighting the main trends in their development and spread. The results are presented with a schematic approach, and cross analyses among taxonomies are also proposed to emphasize emerging peculiarities.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.