ArticleJournal of clinical medicine2022
Increased Circulating Levels of Growth Differentiation Factor 15 in Association with Metabolic Disorders in People Living with HIV Receiving Combined Antiretroviral Therapy.
Article in Journal of clinical medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- miR-23a-3p as a Biomarker Associated with Prediabetes in People Living with HIV: An Integrative Analysis of Inflammatory, Metabolic, and Insulin Resistance Signatures.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Circulating fibroblast growth factor 21 and growth differentiation factor 15 are associated with severity of hepatic steatosis in people with HIV.HIV medicine · 2025Article
- Longitudinal analysis of rhesus macaque metabolome during acute SIV infection reveals disruption in broad metabolite classes.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Increased Growth Differentiation Factor 15 Levels Are Associated with HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Impairment: A Pilot Study.Brain sciences · 2025Article
- High-throughput proteomic analysis reveals systemic dysregulation in virally suppressed people living with HIV.JCI insight · 2023Article
- Growth differentiation factor-15 as a biomarker of atherosclerotic coronary plaque: Value in people living with and without HIV.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivePeople living with HIV (PLWH) have an increased cardiovascular risk (CVR) owing to dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and HIV/combination antiretroviral therapy (cART)-associated lipodystrophy (HALS). Atherosclerosis and inflammation are related to growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF15). The relationship between metabolic disturbances, HALS, and CVR with GDF15 in PLWH is not known. RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsCirculating GDF15 levels in 152 PLWH (with HALS = 60, without HALS = 43, cART-naïve = 49) and 34 healthy controls were assessed in a cross-sectional study. Correlations with lipids, glucose homeostasis, fat distribution, and CVR were explored.
resultsPLWH had increased circulating GDF15 levels relative to controls. The increase was the largest in cART-treated PLWH. Age, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance 1 (HOMA1-IR), HALS, dyslipidemia, C-reactive protein, and CVR estimated with the Framingham score correlated with GDF15 levels. The GDF15-Framingham correlation was lost after age adjustment. No correlation was found between GDF15 and the D:A:D Data Collection on Adverse Effects of Anti-HIV Drugs (D:A:D) score estimated CVR. CVR independent predictors were patient group (naïve, HALS-, and HALS+) and cumulated protease inhibitor or nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor exposure.
conclusionsPLWH, especially when cART-treated, has increased GDF15 levels-this increase is associated with dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, HALS, and inflammation-related parameters. GDF15 is unassociated with CVR when age-adjusted.
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