ArticleCancers2022
Glioma Stem Cells Upregulate CD39 Expression to Escape Immune Response through SOX2 Modulation.
Article in Cancers, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- CD39 and CD73: biological functions, diseases and therapy.Molecular biomedicine · 2025Review
- Extracellular Adenosine in Gastric Cancer: The Role of GCSCs.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Biomarkers and immunotherapy in endometrial cancer: mechanisms and clinical applications.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Immune checkpoints in immune response to glioma: two sides of the same coin.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- CAR-T lymphocyte-based cell therapies; mechanistic substantiation, applications and biosafety enhancement with suicide genes: new opportunities to melt side effects.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Review
- Advances in research on immune escape mechanism of glioma.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2023Review
- In lung adenocarcinoma, low expression of the cell surface extracellular nucleotidase CD39 is related to immune infiltration and a poor prognosis.Journal of thoracic disease · 2022Article
- Exploring glioblastoma stem cell heterogeneity: Immune microenvironment modulation and therapeutic opportunities.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Ectonucleotidase CD39 hydrolyzing extracellular ATP (eATP) functions as a key modulator of immune response in the tumor microenvironment, yet the role of CD39 in contributing tumor stem cells in a more immunosuppressive microenvironment remains elusive. Here we report that the upregulation of CD39 is crucial for the decrease of extracellular ATP concentration around glioma stem cells (GSCs) to maintain an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Adriamycin (ADM) is able to promote the release of ATP, which recruits dendritic cells (DCs) to phagocytose GSCs. CD39 inhibition further increased extracellular ATP concentrations following ADM treatment and DCs phagocytosis. In addition, GSCs upregulated CD39 expression by SOX2-binding CD39 promotor. In mouse tumor models, the combination of ADM and CD39 blockade increased immune cell infiltration and reduced tumor size. These findings suggest that GSCs upregulate CD39 expression by their biological characteristics to maintain an immunosuppressive microenvironment, and CD39 inhibition supplies a favorable tumor microenvironment (TME) for immunotherapeutic intervention and enhances the immune response induced by chemotherapy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.