ArticleAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI2022
The Impact of the Animal Housing System on Immune Cell Composition and Function in the Blood of Dromedary Camels.
Article in Animals : an open access journal from MDPI, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- The impact of bacterial and viral diseases on dromedary camel (Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Review
- Article
- Transcriptomics-Based Study of Immune Genes Associated with Subclinical Mastitis in Bactrian Camels.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Association of Environmental Temperature and Relative Humidity with Ocular and Flank Temperatures in Dromedary Camels.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Flow Cytometric Analysis of Leukocyte Populations in the Lung Tissue of Dromedary Camels.Veterinary sciences · 2022Article
- Milk Immune Cell Composition in Dromedary Camels With Subclinical Mastitis.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe dromedary camel (
methodsImmunofluorescence and flow cytometry were used to comparatively analyze samples collected from camels during a free-ranging time and samples collected from the same camels during movement-restricted housing.
resultsIn comparison to blood samples collected from the camels during the free-ranging time, samples from movement-restricted camels showed elevated serum myeloperoxidase activity, a significant shape-change in their neutrophils, and higher reactive oxygen species content in their monocytes and neutrophils, indicating increased cellular oxidative stress under movement-restricted housing. The leukogram pattern of the camels under restricted housing was characterized by leukocytosis with increased numbers of neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes, resembling an excitement leukogram pattern. Within the lymphocyte population, only the helper T cells and B cells were expanded in animals under restricted housing. The upregulation of CD163 together with the downregulation of MHC-II on monocytes from excited camels indicate a modulatory potential of animal excitement to polarize monocytes toward an anti-inflammatory phenotype. Functional analysis of bacterial phagocytosis indicates an impaired antibacterial function of phagocytes in excited camels. The downregulation of several cell adhesion molecules on leukocytes from excited camels suggests a role for impaired cell adhesion and tissue migration and leukocyte retention in blood in the observed leukocytosis in animals under excitement.
conclusionsThe present study identified significant changes in blood immune cell composition, phenotype, and function in dromedary camels under restricted-housing conditions. The observed changes in leukocyte composition suggest the development of an excitement leukogram pattern in camels under movement-restricted housing. To evaluate the clinical relevance of the observed changes in immune cell phenotype and function for the immune competence of camels under restricted housing, further studies are required.
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