ArticleOphthalmologica. Journal international d'ophtalmologie. International journal of ophthalmology. Zeitschrift fur Augenheilkunde2022
Association between Neurodegeneration and Macular Perfusion in the Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy: A 3-Year Longitudinal Study.
Article in Ophthalmologica. Journal international d'ophtalmologie. International journal of ophthalmology. Zeitschrift fur Augenheilkunde, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Recent advances and applications of optical coherence tomography angiography in diabetic retinopathy.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Pooled it
- The Association of Retinal Capillary Density and Retinal Thickness in Diabetic Retinopathy.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Understanding nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy progression using noninvasive imaging.Eye (London, England) · 2025Review
- Diabetes-Induced Dysregulation of Peripapillary and Macular Neurovascular Units.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Using blood biomarkers and ophthalmological indicators of optical coherence tomography and angiography for the diagnosis of fundus lesions in patients with diabetes mellitus.Frontiers in clinical diabetes and healthcare · 2025Article
- Associations of retinal neurovascular dysfunction with inner retinal layer thickness in non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2024Article
- Diabetic Retinopathy: New Treatment Approaches Targeting Redox and Immune Mechanisms.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Patterns of Progression of Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy Using Non-Invasive Imaging.Translational vision science & technology · 2024Article
- Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography: Investigating Vessel Density Changes Induced by Caffeine in Healthy Subjects.Journal of ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Hallmarks of aging: middle-aging hypovascularity, tissue perfusion and nitric oxide perspective on healthspan.Frontiers in aging · 2024Article
- Association of OCT and OCT angiography measures with the development and worsening of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes.Eye (London, England) · 2023Article
- Understanding human aging and the fundamental cell signaling link in age-related diseases: the middle-aging hypovascularity hypoxia hypothesis.Frontiers in aging · 2023Article
- Neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in diabetic retinopathy.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objective and purposeThe aim of this study was to explore the relation between retinal neurodegenerative changes and vessel closure (VC) in individuals with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) in a follow-up period of 3 years.
designThis is a 3-year prospective longitudinal study with four annual visits.
participantsThis study involved 74 individuals with type 2 diabetes, NPDR, and Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study grades from 10 to 47, one eye/person. An age-matched healthy control population of 84 eyes was used as control group.
methodsParticipants were annually examined by color fundus photography, spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and OCT-angiography (OCTA). VC was assessed by OCTA vessel density maps. SD-OCT segmentations were performed to access central retinal thickness (CRT) and retinal neurodegeneration considered as thinning of the ganglion cell plus inner plexiform layer (GCL + IPL).
resultsType 2 diabetic individuals presented significantly higher CRT (p = 0.001), GCL + IPL thinning (p = 0.042), and decreased vessel density at the superficial capillary plexus (p < 0.001) and full retina (FR) (p = 0.001). When looking at changes occurring over the 3-year period of follow-up (Table 2), there were statistically significant decreases in GCL + IPL thickness (-0.438 μm/year; p = 0.038), foveal avascular zone circularity (-0.009; p = 0.047), and vessel density in superficial capillary plexus (-0.172 mm-1/year; p < 0.001), deep capillary plexus (DCP) (-0.350 mm-1/year; p < 0.001), and FR (-0.182 mm-1/year; p < 0.001). A statistically significant association was identified between GCL + IPL thinning and decrease in DCP vessel density (β = 0.196 [95% confidence interval: 0.037, 0.355], z = 2.410, p = 0.016), after controlling for age, gender, diabetes duration, hemoglobin A1c level, and CRT.
conclusionsRetinal neurodegenerative changes show a steady progression during a 3-year period of follow-up in eyes with NPDR and appear to be directly associated with progression in decreased vessel density including vascular closure through preferential involvement of the DCP. Our findings provide evidence that retinal neuropathy is linked with microvascular changes occurring in diabetic patients.
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