ArticleOphthalmology2022
Artificial Intelligence for Retinopathy of Prematurity: Validation of a Vascular Severity Scale against International Expert Diagnosis.
Article in Ophthalmology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Artificial intelligence-based algorithms for the diagnosis of retinopathy of prematurity.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Retinopathy of prematurity training and education: A systematic review.Survey of ophthalmologyPooled it
- Comparison of Two AI Chatbots for Diagnosis and Providing Treatment Suggestions in Retinopathy of Prematurity: Retrospective Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Article
- Application of a Quantitative Vascular Severity Score in Retinopathy of Prematurity in the United States and India: New Insights Into Disease Epidemiology and Pathophysiology.American journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Current Trends in AI and Eye Disease Diagnostics.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2026Review
- Impact of image enhancement on grading agreement of plus disease features in retinopathy of prematurity.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Article
- Artificial intelligence in pediatrics: a bibliometric analysis of global output, networks, and frontiers [2016-2025].Translational pediatrics · 2026Article
- Quantitative Assessment of the Extent of Retinal Vascularization in Retinopathy of Prematurity.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Prediction Models for Recurrence of Retinopathy of Prematurity after Intravitreal Ranibizumab or Laser Photocoagulation Treatment: A Multicenter Cohort Study.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2026Article
- Review of Retinopathy of Prematurity Management in the Anti-VEGF Era: Evolving Global Paradigms, Persistent Challenges and Our AI-Assisted Future.Clinical & experimental ophthalmology · 2025Review
- Prediction of retinopathy of prematurity development and treatment need with machine learning models.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Artificial Intelligence-Based Software as a Medical Device (AI-SaMD): A Systematic Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- AI-Enabled Screening for Retinopathy of Prematurity in Low-Resource Settings.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Comparison of a Novel Ultra-Widefield Three-Color Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscope to Other Retinal Imaging Modalities in Chorioretinal Lesion Imaging.Translational vision science & technology · 2025Article
- RDLR: A Robust Deep Learning-Based Image Registration Method for Pediatric Retinal Images.Journal of imaging informatics in medicine · 2024Article
- P Score: A Reference Image-Based Clinical Grading Scale for Vascular Change in Retinopathy of Prematurity.Ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Use of an Artificial Intelligence-Generated Vascular Severity Score Improved Plus Disease Diagnosis in Retinopathy of Prematurity.Ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Isolated Retinal Neovascularization in Retinopathy of Prematurity: Clinical Associations and Prognostic Implications.Ophthalmology. Retina · 2024Article
- A fundus image dataset for intelligent retinopathy of prematurity system.Scientific data · 2024Article
- Artificial intelligence in chorioretinal pathology through fundoscopy: a comprehensive review.International journal of retina and vitreous · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo validate a vascular severity score as an appropriate output for artificial intelligence (AI) Software as a Medical Device (SaMD) for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) through comparison with ordinal disease severity labels for stage and plus disease assigned by the International Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity, Third Edition (ICROP3), committee.
designValidation study of an AI-based ROP vascular severity score.
participantsA total of 34 ROP experts from the ICROP3 committee.
methodsTwo separate datasets of 30 fundus photographs each for stage (0-5) and plus disease (plus, preplus, neither) were labeled by members of the ICROP3 committee using an open-source platform. Averaging these results produced a continuous label for plus (1-9) and stage (1-3) for each image. Experts were also asked to compare each image to each other in terms of relative severity for plus disease. Each image was also labeled with a vascular severity score from the Imaging and Informatics in ROP deep learning system, which was compared with each grader's diagnostic labels for correlation, as well as the ophthalmoscopic diagnosis of stage.
main outcome measuresWeighted kappa and Pearson correlation coefficients (CCs) were calculated between each pair of grader classification labels for stage and plus disease. The Elo algorithm was also used to convert pairwise comparisons for each expert into an ordered set of images from least to most severe.
resultsThe mean weighted kappa and CC for all interobserver pairs for plus disease image comparison were 0.67 and 0.88, respectively. The vascular severity score was found to be highly correlated with both the average plus disease classification (CC = 0.90, P < 0.001) and the ophthalmoscopic diagnosis of stage (P < 0.001 by analysis of variance) among all experts.
conclusionsThe ROP vascular severity score correlates well with the International Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity committee member's labels for plus disease and stage, which had significant intergrader variability. Generation of a consensus for a validated scoring system for ROP SaMD can facilitate global innovation and regulatory authorization of these technologies.
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