ArticleMethods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)2022
Humanization of Camelid Single-Domain Antibodies.
Article in Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nanobodies in biomedicine: from molecular characteristics to fabrication and clinical translation.Military Medical Research · 2026Review
- Fitness Landscape for Antibodies 2: Benchmarking Reveals That Protein AI Models Cannot Yet Consistently Predict Developability Properties.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Structural mechanisms and insights on multiple nanobodies binding diverse SOD1 epitopes.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Review
- Article
- Trends in nanobody technology in industrialization.Discover nano · 2025Review
- On the humanization of VHHs: Prospective case studies, experimental and computational characterization of structural determinants for functionality.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2024Article
- Radioimmunotheragnosis in Cancer Research.Cancers · 2024Review
- Review
- Natural killer cell engagers for cancer immunotherapy.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Review
- Prospects for the computational humanization of antibodies and nanobodies.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Structure and Dynamics Guiding Design of Antibody Therapeutics and Vaccines.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- AI/ML combined with next-generation sequencing of VHH immune repertoires enables the rapid identification ofFrontiers in molecular biosciences · 2023Article
- Brain Delivery of IGF1R5, a Single-Domain Antibody Targeting Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Receptor.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- Camelid Single-Domain Antibodies: Promises and Challenges as Lifesaving Treatments.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Article
- Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Humanization of therapeutic antibodies derived from animal immunizations is often required to minimize immunogenicity risks in humans, which can cause potentially harmful and serious side effects and reduce antibody efficacy. Humanization is typically applied to conventional monoclonal antibodies derived in rodents as well as single-domain antibodies isolated from camelids and sharks (VHHs and VNARs). A streamlined protocol is described here for sequence humanization of camelid VHHs, which represent a promising biotherapeutic format with many desirable attributes. From human framework selection and complementarity-determining region grafting strategies to empirical scoring for prioritization of back-mutations, step-by-step instructions, and templates are provided along with bioinformatics resources to assist each step of the humanization process. Alternative approaches, warnings, and caveats are also presented.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.