ArticleNatural products and bioprospecting2022
Citrus fruits are rich in flavonoids for immunoregulation and potential targeting ACE2.
Article in Natural products and bioprospecting, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 68 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
68 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 141 citations in OpenAlex.
- Natural Flavonoids as Potential Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Inhibitors for Anti-SARS-CoV-2.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Pooled it
- Therapeutic Effects of Propolis Supplementation on the Inflammatory State, Oxidative Stress, and Uremic Toxins in dialysis Patients: A Systematic Review.Food science & nutrition · 2026Review
- Stingless bee propolis: a comprehensive review of chemical constituents and health efficacy.Natural products and bioprospecting · 2025Review
- A Comprehensive Review of Phenolic Compounds in Horticultural Plants.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Exploration of the Use of Traditional Herbs to Overcome Cough and Cold in Three Provinces of East Java Province.TheScientificWorldJournal · 2025Article
- Investigation of Potential Food Intake Biomarkers by LC-MS/MS: Suitability Under Conditions Close to Everyday Live.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2025Article
- Hesperidin and Diosmin Increased Cytotoxic Activity Cisplatin on Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Protect Kidney Cells Senescence.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2024Article
- Protective Responses of Green Yuja Peel Extracts to Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation and Reactive Oxygen Species Production in RAW264.7 Cells.Preventive nutrition and food science · 2024Article
- miR-652-3p Suppressed the Protective Effects of Isoflurane Against Myocardial Injury in Hypoxia/Reoxygenation by Targeting ISL1.Cardiovascular toxicology · 2024Article
- Hesperidin, a Potential Antiviral Agent against SARS-CoV-2: The Influence of Citrus Consumption on COVID-19 Incidence and Severity in China.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Review
- Medicinal plants used in Gabon for prophylaxis and treatment against COVID-19-related symptoms: an ethnobotanical survey.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- Microfluidic Diffusion Sizing Applied to the Study of Natural Products and Extracts That Modulate the SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD/ACE2 Interaction.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Recent advances towards natural plants as potential inhibitors of SARS-Cov-2 targets.Pharmaceutical biology · 2023Review
- Common foods for boosting human immunity: A review.Food science & nutrition · 2023Review
- Article
- Review
- Evaluation of therapeutic potentials of selected phytochemicals against Nipah virus, a multi-dimensional in silico study.3 Biotech · 2023Article
- Potential usefulness of Mediterranean diet polyphenols against COVID-19-induced inflammation: a review of the current knowledge.Journal of physiology and biochemistry · 2023Review
- Spatial Distribution and Antioxidant Activity of Extracts from Citrus Fruits.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Article
8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The most recent outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus, named as COVID-19, caused pneumonia epidemic in Wuhan with 2121 deaths cases as of February 20th 2020. Identification of effective antiviral agents to combat the novel coronavirus is urgently needed. Citrus fruit peel or wild citrus are rich in flavonoids, and clinically documented for roles in relief of cough and promotion of digestive health. Therefore, citrus fruits are assumed to possess antivirus activities or enhance the host immunity. A previous study found that hesperetin could act as a high potent inhibitor of SARS-CoV 3CLpro. We determined six flavonoid compounds' content in three citrus species by using LC-MS technique. The content of naringin and naringenin was at higher levels in pummelo. Hesperetin and hesperidin were highly accumulated in mandarin and sweet orange. The subsequent in vitro and in vivo experiments indicated that naringin could inhibit the expression of the proinflammatory cytokines (COX-2, iNOS, IL-1β and IL-6) induced by LPS in Raw macrophage cell line, and may restrain cytokine through inhibiting HMGB1 expression in a mouse model. The results revealed that naringin may have a potential application for preventing cytokine storm. We simulated molecular docking to predict the binding affinity of those flavonoids to bind Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE 2), which is a receptor of the coronavirus. Consideration of the potential anti-coronavirus and anti-inflammatory activity of flavonoids, the citrus fruit or its derived phytochemicals are promising in the use of prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.