Trial reportJournal of anesthesia2022
Comparison of iPACK and periarticular block with adductor block alone after total knee arthroplasty: a randomized clinical trial.
Trial report in Journal of anesthesia, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 24 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Comparison Between USG-Guided Infiltration Popliteal Artery Capsule Knee Block Versus Adductor Canal Block Application as Postoperative Analgesia in Total Knee Prosthesis Under General Anesthesia: Randomized Clinical Trial
Comparison of the Effects of Peripheral Nerve Blocks Applied in Total Knee Arthroplasty on Pain Control and Mobilization: A Prospective Observational Study
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Different peripheral nerve blocks for patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery · 2024Pooled it
- Clinical effects of interspace between the popliteal artery and capsule of the posterior knee block with multimodal analgesia for total knee arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery · 2023Pooled it
- iPACK block (local anesthetic infiltration of the interspace between the popliteal artery and the posterior knee capsule) added to the adductor canal blocks versus the adductor canal blocks in the pain management after total knee arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2022Pooled it
- Combined iPACK and adductor canal block versus two-level erector spinae plane block in elderly patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty: a randomized, triple-blinded clinical trial.Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery · 2026Trial
- Comparison of genicular nerve block and its combination with IPACK block for analgesia and recovery after total knee arthroplasty: a randomized trial.BMC anesthesiology · 2025Trial
- No superior method for analgesia after total knee arthroplasty: randomised controlled comparison of adductor canal block combined with iPACK block versus posterior capsule block.Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery · 2025Trial
- Clinical Outcomes of Ultrasound-Guided IPACK Block for Posterior Knee Pain in Advanced Osteoarthritis: A Multicenter Prospective Single-Arm Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Functional and Analgesic Effects of iPACK Blocks Added to Continuous Adductor Canal Blocks for ACL Reconstruction With Quadriceps Tendon Autograft: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine · 2026Article
- Comparison of perioperative analgesia between posterior stabilized and posterior cruciate retaining prostheses following total knee arthroplasty.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- A novel technique of intraoperative infiltration between posterior capsule and popliteal artery can reduce opioid consumption and blood loss in total knee arthroplasty surgery: an age- and gender-matched study.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2025Article
- Adductor Canal Block Combined With IPACK Block for Postoperative Analgesia After Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Retrospective Cohort Study.HSS journal : the musculoskeletal journal of Hospital for Special Surgery · 2025Article
- The effect of adding dexamethasone to adductor block and IPACK block on acute postoperative, rebound, and chronic pain following knee arthroplasty-1-year follow-up.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- A Comparative Study Between Ultrasound-Guided Genicular Nerve Block Combined With Interspace Between the Popliteal Artery and the Capsule of the Posterior Knee Block versus Adductor Canal Block in Total Knee Replacement.Anesthesiology research and practice · 2025Article
- Pulsed radiofrequency of iPACK (interspace between the popliteal artery and the posterior knee capsule) for pain control following meniscus repair - A case report.Trauma case reports · 2024Article
- Evaluation of Postoperative Pain When Adding a Tibial Nerve Block to the Femoral Nerve Block for Total Knee Arthroplasty.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Comparing Different Multimodal Analgesia Protocols for Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty-A Retrospective Cohort Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- IPACK Block Efficacy for Acute Pain Management after Total Knee Replacement: A Review.Current pain and headache reports · 2024Review
- Association of iPACK block and adductor canal block in dogs undergoing the tibial plateau leveling osteotomy technique: Report of 4 cases.Brazilian journal of veterinary medicine · 2024Article
- Article
- Periarticular injection, iPACK block, and peripheral nerve block in pain management after total knee arthroplasty: a structured narrative review.Perioperative medicine (London, England) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThe infiltration between the popliteal artery and the capsule of the posterior knee (iPACK) has been described to provide analgesia without loss of muscle strength and is effective in functional recovery. This study compared iPACK + ACB (adductor canal block) with PAI (periarticular infiltration) + ACB and ACB alone in terms of postoperative analgesia and functional improvement.
methodsThis double-blinded randomized controlled trial included 105 patients undergoing unilateral total knee arthroplasty. Patients received ACB, iPACK + ACB, and PAI + ACB along with spinal anesthesia. The primary outcome was the area under the curve (AUC) numeric rating scale (NRS) at 48 h. Secondary outcomes were cumulative postoperative analgesic consumption within 48 h, timed up-and-go test, range of motion, length of hospital stay, patient satisfaction, and adverse events.
resultsThe 48-h AUC movement NRS score in the iPACK + ACB group was significantly lower than in the PAI + ACB and ACB groups (p < 0.05). At the postoperative 48th h, the opioid consumption of the iPACK + ACB group was lower than those of the ACB and PAI + ACB groups (p < 0.001). The patients in the iPACK + ACB group had significantly shorter discharge and mobilization days than the ACB and PAI + ACB groups (p < 0.001).
conclusionsThe adding of an iPACK block to the ACB improves postoperative analgesia and reduces opioid consumption. In addition, this approach improves functional performance and reduces hospital stay.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.