Observational studyImmunology2022
HLA-DR polymorphism in SARS-CoV-2 infection and susceptibility to symptomatic COVID-19.
Observational study in Immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04318314 (COVID-19), which is not on this map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
COVID-19: Healthcare Worker Bioresource: Immune Protection and Pathogenesis in SARS-CoV-2
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genetic and Epigenetic Determinants of COVID-19 Susceptibility: A Systematic Review.Current medicinal chemistry · 2025Pooled it
- Distribution of HLA-DRB1 Alleles and Genotypes With Respect to Plasma Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG Titres Among COVID-19-Vaccinated Bangladeshi Adults.Annals of human genetics · 2026Article
- Why Is MS a More Frequent Complication of EBV Infection in Females?Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Identification of HLA Variants Associated with Symptomatic and Asymptomatic COVID-19 Using a Machine Learning Approach.The AAPS journal · 2026Article
- SARS-CoV-2-induced dysregulation in ADAR editing patterns persists post viral clearance in individuals with mild COVID-19.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- HLA-DRB1*15:01 is associated with a reduced likelihood of longevity in northern European men.Genome medicine · 2025Article
- HLA Class II Alleles and Suicidal Behavior: Evidence from a Case-Control Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Differential reactivity of SARS-CoV-2 S-protein T-cell epitopes in vaccinated versus naturally infected individuals.Clinical & translational immunology · 2025Article
- Article
- The origin of autoimmune diseases: is there a role for ancestral HLA-II haplotypes in immune hyperactivity.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- An overview of HLA variants in COVID-19 vaccine-induced autoimmunity.International journal of molecular epidemiology and genetics · 2025Review
- Design, Development and Immunogenicity Study of a Multi-Epitope Vaccine Prototype Against SARS-CoV-2.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Relationship between HLA genetic variations, COVID-19 vaccine antibody response, and risk of breakthrough outcomes.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Genetic determinants of IgG antibody response to COVID-19 vaccination.American journal of human genetics · 2024Article
- Individuals carrying the HLA-B*15 allele exhibit favorable responses to COVID-19 vaccines but are more susceptible to Omicron BA.5.2 and XBB.1.16 infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Persistence of circulating CD169+monocytes and HLA-DR downregulation underline the immune response impairment in PASC individuals: the potential contribution of different COVID-19 pandemic waves.Current research in microbial sciences · 2024Article
- Hypocortisolemic ASIA: a vaccine- and chronic infection-induced syndrome behind the origin of long COVID and myalgic encephalomyelitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Association between SARS-CoV-2 Symptoms, Ct Values, and Serological Response in Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Healthcare Personnel.The journal of applied laboratory medicine · 2023Article
- Systems-level profiling of early peripheral host-response landscape variations across COVID-19 severity states in an Indian cohort.Genes and immunity · 2023Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
31 authors at 8 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection results in different outcomes ranging from asymptomatic infection to mild or severe disease and death. Reasons for this diversity of outcome include differences in challenge dose, age, gender, comorbidity and host genomic variation. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) polymorphisms may influence immune response and disease outcome. We investigated the association of HLAII alleles with case definition symptomatic COVID-19, virus-specific antibody and T-cell immunity. A total of 1364 UK healthcare workers (HCWs) were recruited during the first UK SARS-CoV-2 wave and analysed longitudinally, encompassing regular PCR screening for infection, symptom reporting, imputation of HLAII genotype and analysis for antibody and T-cell responses to nucleoprotein (N) and spike (S). Of 272 (20%) HCW who seroconverted, the presence of HLA-DRB1*13:02 was associated with a 6·7-fold increased risk of case definition symptomatic COVID-19. In terms of immune responsiveness, HLA-DRB1*15:02 was associated with lower nucleocapsid T-cell responses. There was no association between DRB1 alleles and anti-spike antibody titres after two COVID vaccine doses. However, HLA DRB1*15:01 was associated with increased spike T-cell responses following both first and second dose vaccination. Trial registration: NCT04318314 and ISRCTN15677965.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.