ArticleRegenerative therapy2022
Effects of fluoride on the proliferation and activation of osteoblasts by regulating methylation of the DNA repair genes MGMT and MLH1.
Article in Regenerative therapy, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Tailoring nanotopography and antibacterial properties of calcium phosphate bone grafts via fluoride incorporation.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- Management strategies for fluoride toxicity and the critical role of epigenetic therapy.Molecular biology reports · 2025Review
- The Role of Trace Elements and Minerals in Osteoporosis: A Review of Epidemiological and Laboratory Findings.Biomolecules · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionFluoride can induce the proliferation and activation of osteoblasts, resulting in skeletal fluorosis progression; however, the specific mechanism is unclear.
methodsCell proliferation was examined using the MTT assay. Flow cytometry was performed to detect the cell cycle distribution. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was calculated to evaluate bone formation and turnover. Gene methylation was examined using the MSP assay. mRNA and protein expression levels were assessed using qRT-PCR and Western blot assays.
resultsLow-concentration NaF treatment promoted the cell cycle progression of osteoblasts to S-phase, thus accelerating cell proliferation and activation in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, the methylation of the MGMT and MLH1 genes was increased, and their mRNA expression was reduced. Furthermore, the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-AZA-dC suppressed cell viability, cell number in S-phase, ALP activity and osteogenesis-related protein levels in osteoblasts treated with low doses of NaF. Meanwhile, 5-AZA-dC suppressed the increase in MGMT and MLH1 gene methylation in osteoblasts treated with low doses of NaF, leading to enhanced expression of MGMT and MLH1 mRNA.
conclusionNaF treatment led to methylation of the DNA repair genes MGMT and MLH1 in osteoblasts, resulting in cell proliferation and activation and causing the development of skeletal fluorosis.
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