ArticleFrontiers in medicine2021
Endotyping Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis in Children: A Cluster Analysis.
Article in Frontiers in medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Intra-cervical lymphatic immunotherapy for dust mite-induced allergic rhinoconjunctivitis in children: a 3-year prospective randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Trial
- Core outcome set for Traditional Chinese Medicine treatment of adult allergic rhinitis: study protocol.BMJ open · 2026Article
- Development of Artificial Intelligence for Quantitative Assessment of Nasal Inflammatory Cytology in Chronic Rhinitis by Whole-Slide Images.International forum of allergy & rhinology · 2026Article
- Current Insights Into Individualized Diagnosis and Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis Based on Phenotype and Endotype.World journal of otorhinolaryngology - head and neck surgery · 2026Review
- Crystalline Insights into Nasal Mucosa Inflammation and Remodeling: Unveiling Role of Galectin-10.Biomolecules · 2026Article
- Artificial intelligence in pediatric allergy research.European journal of pediatrics · 2024Review
- Clinical relevance of cluster analysis in phenotyping allergic rhinitis in the paediatric population of the Kuyavian-Pomeranian voivodeship, Poland.Postepy dermatologii i alergologii · 2024Article
- Nasal Nitric Oxide in Children: A Review of Current Outreach in Pediatric Respiratory Medicine.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSeasonal Allergic Rhinitis (SAR) is a heterogeneous inflammatory disease. We hypothesized that a cluster analysis based on the evaluation of cytokines in nasal lavage (NL) could characterize distinctive SAR endotypes in children.
methodsThis cross-sectional study enrolled 88 children with SAR. Detailed medical history was obtained by well-trained physicians. Quality of life and sleep quality were assessed through standardized questionnaires [Pediatric Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (PRQLQ) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) respectively]. Children were grouped through K-means clustering using Interleukin (IL)-5, IL-17, IL-23, and Interferon (INF)-γ in NL.
resultsOut of the 88 patients enrolled, 80 were included in the cluster analysis, which revealed three SAR endotypes. Cluster 1 showed lower levels of IL-5 and IL-17 and intermediate levels of IL-23 and IFN-γ; Cluster 2 had higher levels of IL-5 and intermediate levels of IL-17, IL-23, and IFN-γ; Cluster 3 showed higher levels of IL-17, IL-23, and IFN-γ and intermediate levels of IL-5. Cluster 1 showed intermediate values of nasal pH and nasal nitric oxide (nNO), and a lower percentage of neutrophils at nasal cytology than Clusters 2 and 3. Cluster 2 had a lower level of nasal pH, a higher nNO, higher scores in the ocular domain of PRQLQ, and worse sleep quality than Clusters 1 and 3. Cluster 3 showed a higher percentage of neutrophils at nasal cytology than Clusters 1 and 2.
conclusionsOur study identified three endotypes based on the evaluation of cytokines in NL, highlighting that childhood SAR is characterized by heterogeneous inflammatory cytokines.
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